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 <body class="h-entry">
  <div class="head">
   <p data-fill-with="logo"><a class="logo" href="https://www.w3.org/"> <img alt="W3C" height="48" src="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2016/logos/W3C" width="72"> </a> </p>
   <h1 class="p-name no-ref" id="title">CSS Inline Layout Module Level 3</h1>
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="subtitle"><span class="content">Editor’s Draft, <time class="dt-updated" datetime="1970-01-01">1 January 1970</time></span></h2>
   <details>
    <summary>Specification Metadata</summary>
    <div data-fill-with="spec-metadata">
     <dl>
      <dt>This version:
      <dd><a class="u-url" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-inline-3/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-inline-3/</a>
      <dt>Latest published version:
      <dd><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-inline-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-inline-3/</a>
      <dt>Previous Versions:
      <dd><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2018/WD-css-inline-3-20180808/" rel="prev">https://www.w3.org/TR/2018/WD-css-inline-3-20180808/</a>
      <dd><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-css-inline-3-20160524/" rel="prev">https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-css-inline-3-20160524/</a>
      <dd><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-css-inline-3-20150917/" rel="prev">https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-css-inline-3-20150917/</a>
      <dd><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/WD-css-inline-3-20141218/" rel="prev">https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/WD-css-inline-3-20141218/</a>
      <dd><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-css3-linebox-20020515/" rel="prev">https://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-css3-linebox-20020515/</a>
      <dt class="editor">Editors:
      <dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="65283"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href="mailto:dauwhe@gmail.com">Dave Cramer</a> (<span class="p-org org">Hachette Livre</span>)
      <dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="35400"><a class="p-name fn u-url url" href="http://fantasai.inkedblade.net/contact">Elika J. Etemad / fantasai</a> (<span class="p-org org">Invited Expert</span>)
      <dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="3129"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href="mailto:szilles@adobe.com">Steve Zilles</a> (<span class="p-org org">Adobe</span>)
      <dt>Suggest an Edit for this Spec:
      <dd><a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/blob/master/css-inline-3/Overview.bs">GitHub Editor</a>
      <dt>Issue Tracking:
      <dd><a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/labels/css-inline-3">GitHub Issues</a>
      <dt>Issues list:
      <dd><a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Acss-inline-3">CSS3 Line Layout issues in GitHub</a>
     </dl>
    </div>
   </details>
   <div data-fill-with="warning"></div>
   <p class="copyright" data-fill-with="copyright"><a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 1970 <a href="https://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="https://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a href="https://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>, <a href="https://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href="https://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>). W3C <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2015/copyright-software-and-document">permissive document license</a> rules apply. </p>
   <hr title="Separator for header">
  </div>
  <div class="p-summary" data-fill-with="abstract">
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="abstract"><span class="content">Abstract</span></h2>
   <p>The CSS formatting model provides for a flow of elements and text inside of a container to be wrapped into lines.  The formatting of elements and text within a line, its positioning in the inline progression direction, and the breaking of lines are described in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-text-3">[CSS-TEXT-3]</a>.  This module describes the positioning in the block progression direction both of elements and text within lines and of the lines themselves.  This positioning is often relative to a baseline.  It also describes special features for formatting of first lines and drop caps.  It extends on the model in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2">[CSS2]</a>.</p>
    <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/">CSS</a> is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents
(such as HTML and XML)
on screen, on paper, etc. 
  </div>
  <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="status"><span class="content">Status of this document</span></h2>
  <div data-fill-with="status">
   <p> This is a public copy of the editors’ draft.
	It is provided for discussion only and may change at any moment.
	Its publication here does not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C.
	Don’t cite this document other than as work in progress. </p>
   <p> <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues">GitHub Issues</a> are preferred for discussion of this specification.
	When filing an issue, please put the text “css-inline” in the title,
	preferably like this:
	“[css-inline] <i data-lt>…summary of comment…</i>”.
	All issues and comments are <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-css-archive/">archived</a>,
	and there is also a <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">historical archive</a>. </p>
   <p> This document was produced by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/">CSS Working Group</a>. </p>
   <p> This document was produced by a group operating under
	the <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy/">W3C Patent Policy</a>.
	W3C maintains a <a href="https://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group;
	that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent.
	An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>. </p>
   <p> This document is governed by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/2019/Process-20190301/" id="w3c_process_revision">1 March 2019 W3C Process Document</a>. </p>
   <p></p>
  </div>
  <div data-fill-with="at-risk">
   <p>The following features are at-risk, and may be dropped during the CR period: </p>
   <ul>
    <li>the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters-wrap" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-wrap">initial-letters-wrap</a> property
   </ul>
   <p>“At-risk” is a W3C Process term-of-art, and does not necessarily imply that the feature is in danger of being dropped or delayed. It means that the WG believes the feature may have difficulty being interoperably implemented in a timely manner, and marking it as such allows the WG to drop the feature if necessary when transitioning to the Proposed Rec stage, without having to publish a new Candidate Rec without the feature first.</p>
  </div>
  <nav data-fill-with="table-of-contents" id="toc">
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref" id="contents">Table of Contents</h2>
   <ol class="toc" role="directory">
    <li><a href="#intro"><span class="secno">1</span> <span class="content"> Introduction</span></a>
    <li><a href="#model"><span class="secno">2</span> <span class="content"> Inline Layout Box Model</span></a>
    <li>
     <a href="#line-height"><span class="secno">3</span> <span class="content"> Line Heights and Baseline Alignment</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#dominant-baseline-property"><span class="secno">3.1</span> <span class="content"> Dominant Baselines: the <span class="property">dominant-baseline</span> property</span></a>
      <li>
       <a href="#transverse-alignment"><span class="secno">3.2</span> <span class="content"> Transverse Box Alignment: the <span class="property">vertical-align</span> property</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#baseline-source"><span class="secno">3.2.1</span> <span class="content"> Alignment Baseline Source: the <span class="property">baseline-source</span> longhand</span></a>
        <li><a href="#alignment-baseline-property"><span class="secno">3.2.2</span> <span class="content"> Alignment Baseline Type: the <span class="property">alignment-baseline</span> longhand</span></a>
        <li><a href="#baseline-shift-property"><span class="secno">3.2.3</span> <span class="content"> Alignment Shift: the <span class="property">baseline-shift</span> longhand</span></a>
       </ol>
      <li>
       <a href="#line-height-property"><span class="secno">3.3</span> <span class="content"> Line Spacing: the <span class="property">line-height</span> property</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#leading"><span class="secno">3.3.1</span> <span class="content">Leading and half-leading</span></a>
       </ol>
      <li><a href="#line-sizing-property"><span class="secno">3.4</span> <span class="content"> Line Sizing Containment: the <span class="property">line-sizing</span> property</span></a>
      <li><a href="#leading-trim-property"><span class="secno">3.5</span> <span class="content"> Leading Control: the <span class="property">leading-trim-over</span> and <span class="property">leading-trim-under</span> properties and <span class="property">leading-trim</span> shorthand</span></a>
     </ol>
    <li>
     <a href="#inline-box-dimensions"><span class="secno">4</span> <span class="content"> Drawing Inline Boxes</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#line-fill"><span class="secno">4.1</span> <span class="content"> Inline Box Heights: the <span class="property">inline-sizing</span> property</span></a>
     </ol>
    <li>
     <a href="#initial-letter-styling"><span class="secno">5</span> <span class="content"> Initial Letters</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li>
       <a href="#initial-letter-intro"><span class="secno">5.1</span> <span class="content"> An Introduction to Initial Letters</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#drop-initial"><span class="secno">5.1.1</span> <span class="content"> Drop Initial</span></a>
        <li><a href="#sunk-initial"><span class="secno">5.1.2</span> <span class="content"> Sunken Initial Letters</span></a>
        <li><a href="#raise-initial"><span class="secno">5.1.3</span> <span class="content"> Raised Initial Letters</span></a>
       </ol>
      <li><a href="#selecting-drop-initials"><span class="secno">5.2</span> <span class="content"> Selecting Initial Letters</span></a>
      <li>
       <a href="#sizing-drop-initials"><span class="secno">5.3</span> <span class="content"> Creating Initial Letters: the <span class="property">initial-letters</span> property</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#first-most-inline-level"><span class="secno">5.3.1</span> <span class="content"> Applicability</span></a>
       </ol>
      <li>
       <a href="#aligning-initial-letter"><span class="secno">5.4</span> <span class="content"> Alignment of Initial Letters: the <span class="property">initial-letters-align</span> property</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#initial-letter-align-defaults"><span class="secno">5.4.1</span> <span class="content"> UA Default Stylesheet for <span class="property">initial-letters-align</span></span></a>
       </ol>
      <li>
       <a href="#initial-letter-layout"><span class="secno">5.5</span> <span class="content"> Initial Letter Layout</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#initial-letter-properties"><span class="secno">5.5.1</span> <span class="content"> Properties Applying to Initial Letters</span></a>
        <li><a href="#initial-letter-box"><span class="secno">5.5.2</span> <span class="content"> Margins, Borders, and Padding</span></a>
       </ol>
      <li>
       <a href="#sizing-initial-letters"><span class="secno">5.6</span> <span class="content"> Font Sizing of Initial Letters</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#initial-letter-shaping"><span class="secno">5.6.1</span> <span class="content"> Shaping and Glyph Selection</span></a>
       </ol>
      <li>
       <a href="#initial-letter-box-size"><span class="secno">5.7</span> <span class="content"> Sizing the Initial Letter Box</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#initial-letter-content-align"><span class="secno">5.7.1</span> <span class="content"> Alignment Within an Initial Letter Box</span></a>
       </ol>
      <li>
       <a href="#initial-letter-position"><span class="secno">5.8</span> <span class="content"> Initial Letter Positioning and Spacing</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#initial-letter-exclusions"><span class="secno">5.8.1</span> <span class="content"> Space Below Initial Letters</span></a>
        <li><a href="#initial-letter-block-position"><span class="secno">5.8.2</span> <span class="content"> Block-axis Positioning</span></a>
        <li><a href="#initial-letter-inline-position"><span class="secno">5.8.3</span> <span class="content"> Inline Positioning and Kerning</span></a>
       </ol>
      <li><a href="#initial-letter-wrapping"><span class="secno">5.9</span> <span class="content"> Initial Letter Wrapping: the <span class="property">initial-letters-wrap</span> property</span></a>
      <li>
       <a href="#initial-letter-line-layout"><span class="secno">5.10</span> <span class="content"> Line Layout</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#initial-letter-inline-flow"><span class="secno">5.10.1</span> <span class="content"> Inline Flow Layout: Alignment and Justification</span></a>
        <li><a href="#initial-letter-indentation"><span class="secno">5.10.2</span> <span class="content"> Edge Effects: Indentation and Hanging Punctuation</span></a>
        <li><a href="#initial-letter-ancestors"><span class="secno">5.10.3</span> <span class="content"> Ancestor Inlines</span></a>
        <li><a href="#initial-letter-multi-line"><span class="secno">5.10.4</span> <span class="content"> Multi-line Initial Letters</span></a>
       </ol>
      <li>
       <a href="#initial-letter-paragraphs"><span class="secno">5.11</span> <span class="content"> Clearing Initial Letters</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#raised-sunken-caps"><span class="secno">5.11.1</span> <span class="content"> Raised and sunken caps</span></a>
        <li><a href="#short-para-initial-letter"><span class="secno">5.11.2</span> <span class="content"> Short paragraphs with initial letters</span></a>
        <li><a href="#initial-letter-floats"><span class="secno">5.11.3</span> <span class="content"> Interaction with floats</span></a>
        <li><a href="#intial-letter-breaking"><span class="secno">5.11.4</span> <span class="content"> Interaction with Fragmentation (Pagination)</span></a>
       </ol>
     </ol>
    <li>
     <a href="#baseline-synthesis"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Appendix A: Synthesizing Alignment Metrics</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#baseline-synthesis-fonts"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> A.1: Synthesizing Baselines (and Other Font Metrics) for Text</span></a>
      <li><a href="#baseline-synthesis-replaced"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> A.2: Synthesizing Baselines for Replaced Content</span></a>
     </ol>
    <li><a href="#changes"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Changes</span></a>
    <li><a href="#ack"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Acknowledgments</span></a>
    <li>
     <a href="#conformance"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Conformance</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#document-conventions"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Document conventions</span></a>
      <li><a href="#conform-classes"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Conformance classes</span></a>
      <li>
       <a href="#conform-responsible"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Requirements for Responsible Implementation of CSS</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#conform-partial"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Partial Implementations</span></a>
        <li><a href="#conform-future-proofing"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Implementations of Unstable and Proprietary Features</span></a>
        <li><a href="#conform-testing"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Implementations of CR-level Features</span></a>
       </ol>
     </ol>
    <li>
     <a href="#index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Index</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#index-defined-here"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Terms defined by this specification</span></a>
      <li><a href="#index-defined-elsewhere"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Terms defined by reference</span></a>
     </ol>
    <li>
     <a href="#references"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">References</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#normative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Normative References</span></a>
      <li><a href="#informative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Informative References</span></a>
     </ol>
    <li><a href="#property-index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Property Index</span></a>
    <li><a href="#issues-index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Issues Index</span></a>
   </ol>
  </nav>
  <main>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="1" id="intro"><span class="secno">1. </span><span class="content"> Introduction</span><a class="self-link" href="#intro"></a></h2>
   <p>This module defines the CSS Inline Layout model,
	replacing and extending the model as defined in CSS2.1.
	It is very much a work-in-progress, and implementers should reference CSS2.1 for now.</p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-e583257c"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-e583257c"></a> Many aspects of layout here depend on font metrics.
	While the relevant metrics exist in OpenType for Latin/Cyrillic/Greek and for CJK,
	they are missing for many other writing systems.
	For example, the visual top metric for Hebrew has no metric in the OpenType tables.
	For this module to work well for the world,
	we need fonts to provide the relevant metrics for all writing systems,
	and that means both that OpenType needs to allow such metrics
	and font designers need to provide accurate numbers.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="2" id="model"><span class="secno">2. </span><span class="content"> Inline Layout Box Model</span><a class="self-link" href="#model"></a></h2>
   <p>A <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#block-container" id="ref-for-block-container">block container</a> element that directly contains <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level" id="ref-for-inline-level">inline-level</a> content—<wbr>such as <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box">inline boxes</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#atomic-inline" id="ref-for-atomic-inline">atomic inlines</a>, and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#text-run" id="ref-for-text-run">text runs</a>—<wbr>establishes an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-formatting-context" id="ref-for-inline-formatting-context">inline formatting context</a>.
	The <span id="ref-for-block-container①">block container</span> also generates
	a <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="root-inline-box">root inline box</dfn>,
	which is an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#anonymous" id="ref-for-anonymous">anonymous</a> <span id="ref-for-inline-box①">inline box</span> that holds
	all of its <span id="ref-for-inline-level①">inline-level</span> contents.
	The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#root-inline-box" id="ref-for-root-inline-box">root inline box</a> inherits from its parent <span id="ref-for-block-container②">block container</span>,
	but is otherwise unstyleable.</p>
   <p>In an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-formatting-context" id="ref-for-inline-formatting-context①">inline formatting context</a>,
	content is laid out along the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-axis" id="ref-for-inline-axis">inline axis</a>,
	ordered according to the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-3/#text-direction">Unicode bidirectional algorithm and its controls</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-writing-modes-3">[CSS-WRITING-MODES-3]</a> and distributed according to the typesetting controls in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-text-3">[CSS-TEXT-3]</a>. <span id="ref-for-inline-axis①">Inline-axis</span> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin" id="ref-for-margin">margins</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#border" id="ref-for-border">borders</a>, and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#padding" id="ref-for-padding">padding</a> are respected between <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level-box" id="ref-for-inline-level-box">inline-level boxes</a> (and their margins do not <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/box.html#collapsing-margins">collapse</a>).
	The rectangular area that contains the boxes
	that form a line of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level" id="ref-for-inline-level②">inline-level content</a> is called a <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport id="line-box">line box</dfn>.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#line-box" id="ref-for-line-box">Line boxes</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box②">inline boxes</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level-box" id="ref-for-inline-level-box①">inline-level boxes</a> are each different things!
	See <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-display-3">[CSS-DISPLAY-3]</a> for an in-depth discussion of box types and related terminology.</p>
   <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#line-box" id="ref-for-line-box①">Line boxes</a> are created as needed
	to hold inline-level content
	within an inline formatting context.
	When an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box③">inline box</a> exceeds the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#logical-width" id="ref-for-logical-width">logical width</a> of a <span id="ref-for-line-box②">line box</span>,
	or contains a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#forced-line-break" id="ref-for-forced-line-break">forced line break</a>,
	it is split (see <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-3/#line-breaking">CSS Text 3 §5 Line Breaking and Word Boundaries</a>)
	into several <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-3/#fragment" id="ref-for-fragment">fragments</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-break-3">[css-break-3]</a>,
	which are distributed across multiple line boxes.
	Like <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol-1/#column-box" id="ref-for-column-box">column boxes</a> in <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol-1/#multi-column-layout" id="ref-for-multi-column-layout">multi-column layout</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-multicol-1">[CSS-MULTICOL-1]</a>, <span id="ref-for-line-box③">line boxes</span> are <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#fragmentation-container" id="ref-for-fragmentation-container">fragmentation containers</a> generated by their <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#formatting-context" id="ref-for-formatting-context">formatting context</a>,
	and are not part of the CSS <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#box tree" id="ref-for-box tree">box tree</a>.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> Inline boxes can also be <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-3/#bidi-box-model">split into several fragments
	within the same line box due to bidirectional text processing</a>.
	See <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-writing-modes-3">[CSS-WRITING-MODES-3]</a>.</p>
   <p>Line boxes are stacked
	as the direct contents of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#block-container" id="ref-for-block-container③">block container box</a> in the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-flow-direction" id="ref-for-block-flow-direction">block flow direction</a> and aligned within this container as specified by <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#propdef-align-content" id="ref-for-propdef-align-content">align-content</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-align-3">[css-align-3]</a>.
	Thus, an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-formatting-context" id="ref-for-inline-formatting-context②">inline formatting context</a> consists of
	a stack of line boxes.
	Line boxes are stacked with no separation
	(except as specified elsewhere,
	e.g. for <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-floats-3/#float" id="ref-for-float">float</a> <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visuren.html#clearance">clearance</a>)
	and they never overlap.</p>
   <p>In general,
	the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#line-left" id="ref-for-line-left">line-left</a> edge of a line box touches
	the <span id="ref-for-line-left①">line-left</span> edge of its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block">containing block</a> and the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#line-right" id="ref-for-line-right">line-right</a> edge touches
	the <span id="ref-for-line-right①">line-right</span> edge of its <span id="ref-for-containing-block①">containing block</span>,
	and thus the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#logical-width" id="ref-for-logical-width①">logical width</a> of a line box is equal to
	the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#inner-size" id="ref-for-inner-size">inner</a> <span id="ref-for-logical-width②">logical width</span> of its containing block
	(i.e. the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#block-container" id="ref-for-block-container④">block container</a>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#content-box" id="ref-for-content-box">content box</a>).
	However, floating boxes or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter">initial letter boxes</a> can come between the containing block edge and the line box edge,
	reducing space available to, and thus the <span id="ref-for-logical-width③">logical width</span>,
	of any such impacted line boxes.
	(See <span spec-section="/visuren.html#inline-formatting">CSS2§9.4.2</span>/<span spec-section="/visuren.html#floats">CSS2§9.5</span> and <a href="#initial-letter-styling">§ 5 Initial Letters</a>.)</p>
   <p>Within the line box,
	inline-level boxes can be aligned
	along the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-axis" id="ref-for-block-axis">block axis</a> in different ways:
	their over or under edges can be aligned,
	or the baselines of text within them can be aligned.
	See <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-vertical-align" id="ref-for-propdef-vertical-align">vertical-align</a> and its longhands.
	The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#logical-height" id="ref-for-logical-height">logical height</a> of a line box is fitted to its contents
	by the rules given in <a href="#line-sizing-property">§ 3.4 Line Sizing Containment: the line-sizing property</a>.</p>
   <p>Line boxes that contain no text,
	no <a data-link-type="dfn">preserved white space</a>,
	no <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box④">inline boxes</a> with non-zero <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin" id="ref-for-margin①">margins</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#padding" id="ref-for-padding①">padding</a>, or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#border" id="ref-for-border①">borders</a>,
	and no other <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#in-flow" id="ref-for-in-flow">in-flow</a> content
	(such as <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#atomic-inline" id="ref-for-atomic-inline①">atomic inlines</a> or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ruby-1/#ruby-annotation-box" id="ref-for-ruby-annotation-box">ruby annotations</a>),
	and do not end with a preserved newline
	must be treated as zero-<a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#logical-height" id="ref-for-logical-height①">height</a> line boxes
	for the purposes of determining the positions of any elements inside of them
	(such as <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#absolutely-positioned" id="ref-for-absolutely-positioned">absolutely positioned boxes</a>),
	and must be treated as not existing for any other purpose
	(such as <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/box.html#collapsing-margins">collapsing margins</a>).</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="3" id="line-height"><span class="secno">3. </span><span class="content"> Line Heights and Baseline Alignment</span><a class="self-link" href="#line-height"></a></h2>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-e5ecd40f"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-e5ecd40f"></a>This section is being rewritten. Refer to <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#line-height">section 10.8</a> of <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2">[CSS2]</a> for the normative CSS definition or the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-css3-linebox-20020515/">2002 Working Draft</a> if you want pretty pictures. (But ignore the old text, half of it’s wrong. We’re not specifying which half, that’s to be determined.) <strong>The CSS2 specification should be used as the guideline for implementation.</strong></p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-f7c42ceb"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-f7c42ceb"></a> The CSSWG would like to know which baseline values are necessary: if any can be dropped, or any need to be added. See GitHub issue <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/859">859</a>.</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.1" id="dominant-baseline-property"><span class="secno">3.1. </span><span class="content"> Dominant Baselines: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-dominant-baseline" id="ref-for-propdef-dominant-baseline">dominant-baseline</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#dominant-baseline-property"></a></h3>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="dominant-baseline">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-dominant-baseline">dominant-baseline</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">auto <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one">|</a> text-bottom <span id="ref-for-comb-one①">|</span> alphabetic <span id="ref-for-comb-one②">|</span> ideographic <span id="ref-for-comb-one③">|</span> middle <span id="ref-for-comb-one④">|</span> central <span id="ref-for-comb-one⑤">|</span> mathematical <span id="ref-for-comb-one⑥">|</span> hanging <span id="ref-for-comb-one⑦">|</span> text-top 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>auto 
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>block containers, inline boxes, table rows, table columns, grid containers, and flex containers 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>yes 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>specified keyword 
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete 
   </table>
   <p>This property specifies the <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport id="dominant-baseline">dominant baseline</dfn>,
	which is the baseline used to align the box’s text and inline-level contents.
	It is also indicates the default <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#alignment-baseline" id="ref-for-alignment-baseline">alignment baseline</a> of any boxes participating in <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#baseline-alignment" id="ref-for-baseline-alignment">baseline alignment</a> in the box’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#shared-alignment-context" id="ref-for-shared-alignment-context">alignment context</a>.
	Values have the following meanings:</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="dominant-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-dominant-baseline-auto">auto<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-auto"></a></dfn> 
    <dd>
      Equivalent to <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-alphabetic" id="ref-for-valdef-dominant-baseline-alphabetic">alphabetic</a> in <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#horizontal-writing-mode" id="ref-for-horizontal-writing-mode">horizontal writing modes</a> and in <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#vertical-writing-mode" id="ref-for-vertical-writing-mode">vertical writing modes</a> when <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#propdef-text-orientation" id="ref-for-propdef-text-orientation">text-orientation</a> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#valdef-text-orientation-sideways" id="ref-for-valdef-text-orientation-sideways">sideways</a>, <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#valdef-text-orientation-sideways-right" id="ref-for-valdef-text-orientation-sideways-right">sideways-right</a>, or <span class="css">sideways-left</span>.
			Equivalent to <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-central" id="ref-for-valdef-dominant-baseline-central">central</a> in <span id="ref-for-vertical-writing-mode①">vertical writing modes</span> when <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-text-orientation①">text-orientation</span> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#valdef-text-orientation-mixed" id="ref-for-valdef-text-orientation-mixed">mixed</a> or <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#valdef-text-orientation-upright" id="ref-for-valdef-text-orientation-upright">upright</a>. 
     <p>However, in SVG text, the origin point of glyphs
			(used for coordinate-based glyph positioning)
			is always handled as for <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-central" id="ref-for-valdef-dominant-baseline-central①">central</a> in <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#vertical-writing-mode" id="ref-for-vertical-writing-mode②">vertical writing modes</a>.</p>
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="dominant-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-dominant-baseline-text-bottom">text-bottom<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-text-bottom"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Use the bottom of the em box as the baseline. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="dominant-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-dominant-baseline-alphabetic">alphabetic</dfn> 
    <dd> Use the alphabetic baseline. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="dominant-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-dominant-baseline-ideographic">ideographic<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-ideographic"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Match the box’s ideographic under-side baseline to that of its parent.
			This corresponds to the <code>ideo</code> baseline in OpenType. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="dominant-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-dominant-baseline-middle">middle<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-middle"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Use the “middle” baseline: halfway between the alphabetic baseline and the ex-height. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="dominant-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-dominant-baseline-central">central</dfn> 
    <dd> Use the central baseline
			(halfway between the ascent and descent). 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="dominant-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-dominant-baseline-mathematical">mathematical<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-mathematical"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Use the mathematical baseline. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="dominant-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-dominant-baseline-hanging">hanging<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-hanging"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Use the hanging baseline. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="dominant-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-dominant-baseline-text-top">text-top<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-text-top"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Use the top of the em box as the baseline. 
   </dl>
   <p>See <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-writing-modes-3">[CSS-WRITING-MODES-3]</a> for an introduction to dominant baselines.</p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-12e9b141"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-12e9b141"></a> Should be text-over and text-under instead of text-top and text-bottom,
	but maybe it’s better not to use those terms for consistency with legacy <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-vertical-align" id="ref-for-propdef-vertical-align①">vertical-align</a>.
	See GitHub issue <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/860">860</a>.</p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-5e56cd2a"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-5e56cd2a"></a> Add <span class="css">first</span> and <span class="css">last</span> values.
	Note, in this property, these are combinatorial,
	whereas in the <span class="css">align/justify-self/content</span> properties, it’s singular.
	Do we want to align the syntaxes wrt hyphens vs. spaces or what?
	See GitHub issue <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/861">861</a>.</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.2" id="transverse-alignment"><span class="secno">3.2. </span><span class="content"> Transverse Box Alignment: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-vertical-align" id="ref-for-propdef-vertical-align②">vertical-align</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#transverse-alignment"></a></h3>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="vertical-align">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-vertical-align">vertical-align</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod"><a class="production" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-baseline-source" id="ref-for-propdef-baseline-source">&lt;'baseline-source'></a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-any" id="ref-for-comb-any">||</a> <a class="production" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-baseline-shift" id="ref-for-propdef-baseline-shift">&lt;'baseline-shift'></a> <span id="ref-for-comb-any①">||</span> <a class="production" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-alignment-baseline" id="ref-for-propdef-alignment-baseline">&lt;'alignment-baseline'></a> 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>baseline 
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>inline-level boxes 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>see individual properties 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>see individual properties 
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar 
   </table>
   <p>This <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#shorthand-property" id="ref-for-shorthand-property">shorthand</a> property specifies
	how an inline-level box is aligned within the line.
	Values are the same as for its longhand properties, see below. </p>
   <p class="advisement"> Authors should use this property (<a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-vertical-align" id="ref-for-propdef-vertical-align③">vertical-align</a>) instead of its longhands
		(unless it is specifically needed to cascade its longhands independently). </p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="3.2.1" id="baseline-source"><span class="secno">3.2.1. </span><span class="content"> Alignment Baseline Source: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-baseline-source" id="ref-for-propdef-baseline-source①">baseline-source</a> longhand</span><a class="self-link" href="#baseline-source"></a></h4>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="baseline-source">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-baseline-source">baseline-source</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">auto <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one⑧">|</a> first <span id="ref-for-comb-one⑨">|</span> last 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>auto 
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>inline-level boxes 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>specified keyword 
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete 
   </table>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-813bbab7"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-813bbab7"></a> This is a rough draft, not ready for implementation. Also might rename stuff.</p>
   <p>When an inline-level box
	has more than one possible source for baseline information
	(such as for a multi-line inline block or inline flex container)
	this property specifies whether the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#first-baseline-set" id="ref-for-first-baseline-set">first baseline set</a> or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#last-baseline-set" id="ref-for-last-baseline-set">last baseline set</a> is preferred for alignment.
	Values have the following meanings:</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-auto">auto<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-auto"></a></dfn> 
    <dd>Specifies <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#last-baseline-alignment" id="ref-for-last-baseline-alignment">last-baseline alignment</a> for <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#valdef-display-inline-block" id="ref-for-valdef-display-inline-block">inline-block</a>, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#first-baseline-alignment" id="ref-for-first-baseline-alignment">first-baseline alignment</a> for everything else. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-first">first<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-first"></a></dfn> 
    <dd>Specifies <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#first-baseline-alignment" id="ref-for-first-baseline-alignment①">first-baseline alignment</a>. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-last">last<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-last"></a></dfn> 
    <dd>Specifies <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#last-baseline-alignment" id="ref-for-last-baseline-alignment①">last-baseline alignment</a>. 
   </dl>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="3.2.2" id="alignment-baseline-property"><span class="secno">3.2.2. </span><span class="content"> Alignment Baseline Type: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-alignment-baseline" id="ref-for-propdef-alignment-baseline①">alignment-baseline</a> longhand</span><a class="self-link" href="#alignment-baseline-property"></a></h4>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="alignment-baseline">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-alignment-baseline">alignment-baseline</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">baseline <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one①⓪">|</a> text-bottom <span id="ref-for-comb-one①①">|</span> alphabetic <span id="ref-for-comb-one①②">|</span> ideographic <span id="ref-for-comb-one①③">|</span> middle <span id="ref-for-comb-one①④">|</span> central <span id="ref-for-comb-one①⑤">|</span> mathematical <span id="ref-for-comb-one①⑥">|</span> text-top <span id="ref-for-comb-one①⑦">|</span> bottom <span id="ref-for-comb-one①⑧">|</span> center <span id="ref-for-comb-one①⑨">|</span> top 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>baseline 
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>inline-level boxes, flex items, grid items, table cells 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>specified keyword 
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete 
   </table>
   <p>Specifies what point of an inline-level box is aligned to what point in the parent.
	Also selects the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#alignment-baseline" id="ref-for-alignment-baseline①">alignment baseline</a> of boxes aligned with <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#propdef-align-self" id="ref-for-propdef-align-self">align-self</a>/<a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#propdef-justify-self" id="ref-for-propdef-justify-self">justify-self</a>. </p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-262a8213"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-262a8213"></a> Clean up this prose to correctly handle alignment contexts other than inline formatting contexts.</p>
   <p>Values are defined below:</p>
   <p>For the following definitions,
	the margin box is used for atomic inlines,
	the leading box for non-replaced inlines,
	and the baselines of the box are <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#synthesize-baseline" id="ref-for-synthesize-baseline">synthesized</a> if missing in the line-box’s inline axis:</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-baseline">baseline<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-baseline"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Use the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#dominant-baseline" id="ref-for-dominant-baseline">dominant baseline</a> choice of the parent.
			Match the box’s corresponding baseline to that of its parent. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-text-bottom">text-bottom</dfn> 
    <dd> Match the bottom of the box to the bottom of the parent’s content area. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-alphabetic">alphabetic<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-alphabetic"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Match the box’s alphabetic baseline to that of its parent. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-ideographic">ideographic<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-ideographic"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Match the box’s ideographic character face under-side baseline to that of its parent. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-middle">middle<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-middle"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Align the vertical midpoint of the box with
			the baseline of the parent box plus half the x-height of the parent. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-central">central<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-central"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Match the box’s central baseline to the central baseline of its parent. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-mathematical">mathematical<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-mathematical"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Match the box’s mathematical baseline to that of its parent. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-text-top">text-top</dfn> 
    <dd> Match the top of the box to the top of the parent’s content area. 
   </dl>
   <p>For the purposes of transverse alignment within a line box,
	an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#atomic-inline" id="ref-for-atomic-inline②">atomic inline</a> that has no <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#baseline-set" id="ref-for-baseline-set">baseline sets</a> uses baselines <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#synthesize-baseline" id="ref-for-synthesize-baseline①">synthesized</a> from its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin-box" id="ref-for-margin-box">margin box</a>.</p>
   <p>For the following definitions, the <a data-link-type="dfn">alignment subtree</a> is as defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2">[CSS2]</a>.</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-top">top</dfn> 
    <dd> Align the top of the aligned subtree with the top of the line box. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-center">center<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-center"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Align the center of the aligned subtree with the center of the line box. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-bottom">bottom</dfn> 
    <dd> Align the bottom of the aligned subtree with the bottom of the line box. 
   </dl>
   <p>SVG implementations <em>may</em> support the following aliases
	in order to support legacy content:</p>
<pre><dfn data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-text-before-edge">text-before-edge<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-text-before-edge"></a></dfn> = <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-text-top" id="ref-for-valdef-alignment-baseline-text-top">text-top</a>
<dfn data-dfn-for="alignment-baseline" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-alignment-baseline-text-after-edge">text-after-edge<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-text-after-edge"></a></dfn> = <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-text-bottom" id="ref-for-valdef-alignment-baseline-text-bottom">text-bottom</a>
</pre>
   <p>These values are not allowed in the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-vertical-align" id="ref-for-propdef-vertical-align④">vertical-align</a> shorthand.</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="3.2.3" id="baseline-shift-property"><span class="secno">3.2.3. </span><span class="content"> Alignment Shift: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-baseline-shift" id="ref-for-propdef-baseline-shift①">baseline-shift</a> longhand</span><a class="self-link" href="#baseline-shift-property"></a></h4>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="baseline-shift">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-baseline-shift">baseline-shift</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage">&lt;length-percentage></a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one②⓪">|</a> sub <span id="ref-for-comb-one②①">|</span> super 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>0 
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>inline-level boxes, flex items, grid items 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>refer to the used value of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height">line-height</a> 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>the specified keyword and/or a computed <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage①">&lt;length-percentage></a> value 
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete 
   </table>
   <p>This property specifies by how much the box is shifted up
	from its alignment point.
	It does not apply when <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-alignment-baseline" id="ref-for-propdef-alignment-baseline②">alignment-baseline</a> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-top" id="ref-for-valdef-alignment-baseline-top">top</a> or <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-bottom" id="ref-for-valdef-alignment-baseline-bottom">bottom</a>. </p>
   <p class="advisement"> Authors should use the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-vertical-align" id="ref-for-propdef-vertical-align⑤">vertical-align</a> shorthand instead of this property. </p>
   <p>Values have the following meanings:</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="baseline-shift" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-baseline-shift-length"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#length-value" id="ref-for-length-value" title="Expands to: em | vb | ch | cm | vh | vi | in | ex | vw | ic | pt | px | lh | pc | rem | rlh | vmax | advance measure | vmin | mm | cap | q">&lt;length></a><a class="self-link" href="#valdef-baseline-shift-length"></a></dfn> 
    <dd>Raise (positive value) or lower (negative value) by the specified length. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="baseline-shift" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-baseline-shift-percentage"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#percentage-value" id="ref-for-percentage-value">&lt;percentage></a><a class="self-link" href="#valdef-baseline-shift-percentage"></a></dfn> 
    <dd>Raise (positive value) or lower (negative value) by the specified percentage of the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height①">line-height</a>. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="baseline-shift" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-baseline-shift-sub">sub<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-baseline-shift-sub"></a></dfn> 
    <dd>Lower by the offset appropriate for subscripts of the parent’s box.
		(The UA should use the parent’s font data to find this offset whenever possible.) 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="baseline-shift" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-baseline-shift-super">super<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-baseline-shift-super"></a></dfn> 
    <dd>Raise by the offset appropriate for superscripts of the parent’s box.
		(The UA should use the parent’s font data to find this offset whenever possible.) 
   </dl>
   <p>User agents <em>may</em> additionally support the keyword <dfn data-dfn-for="baseline-shift" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport id="baseline-shift-baseline">baseline<a class="self-link" href="#baseline-shift-baseline"></a></dfn> as computing to <span class="css">0</span> if is necessary for them to support legacy SVG content. </p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-6cbc9542"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-6cbc9542"></a> We would prefer to remove the <span class="css">baseline</span> value, and are looking for feedback from SVG user agents as to whether it’s necessary.</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.3" id="line-height-property"><span class="secno">3.3. </span><span class="content"> Line Spacing: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height②">line-height</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#line-height-property"></a></h3>
   <p>As described in the section on <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visuren.html#inline-formatting">inline formatting contexts</a> <span spec-section="/visuren.html#inline-formatting"></span>,
	user agents flow inline-level boxes into a vertical stack of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#line-box" id="ref-for-line-box④">line boxes</a>.
	The height of a line box is determined as follows:</p>
   <ol>
    <li> The height of each <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level-box" id="ref-for-inline-level-box②">inline-level box</a> in the line box is calculated.
			For replaced elements, inline-block elements, and inline-table elements,
			this is the height of their <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin-box" id="ref-for-margin-box①">margin box</a>;
			for <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box⑤">inline boxes</a>, this is their <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height③">line-height</a>. 
    <li>
      The inline-level boxes are aligned vertically
			according to their <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-vertical-align" id="ref-for-propdef-vertical-align⑥">vertical-align</a> property. 
     <p>In case they are aligned <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-top" id="ref-for-valdef-alignment-baseline-top①">top</a> or <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-bottom" id="ref-for-valdef-alignment-baseline-bottom①">bottom</a>,
			they must be aligned so as to minimize the line box height.
			If such boxes are tall enough,
			there are multiple solutions
			and CSS 2 does not define the position of the line box’s baseline
			(i.e., the position of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#strut" id="ref-for-strut">strut</a>).</p>
    <li> The line box height is the distance between
			the uppermost box top and the lowermost box bottom.
			(This includes the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#strut" id="ref-for-strut①">strut</a>,
			as explained under <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height④">line-height</a> below.) 
   </ol>
   <p>Empty inline elements generate empty inline boxes,
	but these boxes still have margins, padding, borders, and a line height,
	and thus influence these calculations just like elements with content.</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="3.3.1" id="leading"><span class="secno">3.3.1. </span><span class="content">Leading and half-leading</span><a class="self-link" href="#leading"></a></h4>
   <p>CSS assumes that every font has font metrics
	that specify a characteristic height above the baseline and a depth below it.
	In this section we use <var>A</var> to mean that height
	(for a given font at a given size)
	and <var>D</var> the depth.
	We also define <var>AD</var> = <var>A</var> + <var>D</var>,
	the distance from the top to the bottom.
	(See the note below for <a href="#sTypoAscender">how to find <var>A</var> and <var>D</var> for TrueType and OpenType fonts.</a>)
	Note that these are metrics of the font as a whole
	and need not correspond to the ascender and descender of any individual glyph.</p>
   <p>The User Agent must align the glyphs in a non-replaced inline box
	to each other by their relevant baselines.
	Then, for each glyph,
	determine the <var>A</var> and <var>D</var>.
	Note that glyphs in a single element
	may come from different fonts
	and thus need not all have the same <var>A</var> and <var>D</var>.
	If the inline box contains no glyphs at all,
	or if it contains only glyphs from fallback fonts,
	it is considered to contain a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#strut" id="ref-for-strut②">strut</a> (an invisible glyph of zero width)
	with the <var>A</var> and <var>D</var> of the element’s first available font.</p>
   <p id="inline-box-height">When the value of the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height⑤">line-height</a> property
	is something other than <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-line-height-normal" id="ref-for-valdef-line-height-normal">normal</a>,
	determine the leading <var>L</var> to add,
	where <var>L</var> = <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height⑥">line-height</span> - <var>AD</var> of the first available font.
	Half the leading is added above <var>A</var> of the first available font,
	and the other half below <var>D</var> of the first available font,
	giving a total height above the baseline of <var>A'</var> = <var>A</var> + <var>L</var>/2,
	and a total depth of <var>D'</var> = <var>D</var> + <var>L</var>/2.
	Glyphs from fonts other than the first available font
	do not impact the height or baseline of the inline box
	for <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height⑦">line-height</span> values other than <span class="css" id="ref-for-valdef-line-height-normal①">normal</span>. </p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> <var>L</var> may be negative.</p>
   <p>Boxes of child elements do not influence this height.</p>
   <p>When the value of the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height⑧">line-height</a> property is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-line-height-normal" id="ref-for-valdef-line-height-normal②">normal</a>,
	the height of the inline box encloses all glyphs,
	going from the highest <var>A</var> to the deepest <var>D</var>.</p>
   <p>User Agents may use different sets of font metrics
	when determining <var>A</var> and <var>D</var> depending on whether the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height⑨">line-height</a> property is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-line-height-normal" id="ref-for-valdef-line-height-normal③">normal</a> or some other value,
	for instance taking external leading metrics into account
	only in the <span class="css" id="ref-for-valdef-line-height-normal④">normal</span> case.</p>
   <p>Although margins, borders, and padding of non-replaced elements
	do not enter into the line box calculation,
	they are still rendered around inline boxes.
	This means that if the height specified by <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height①⓪">line-height</a> is less than the content height of contained boxes,
	backgrounds and colors of padding and borders may "bleed" into adjoining line boxes.
	User agents should render the boxes in document order.
	This will cause the borders on subsequent lines
	to paint over the borders and text of previous lines.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> CSS 2 does not define what the content area of an inline box is
	(see <a href="#line-fill">§ 4.1 Inline Box Heights: the inline-sizing property</a>)
	and thus different UAs may draw the backgrounds and borders in different places.</p>
   <p class="note" id="sTypoAscender" role="note"><a class="self-link" href="#sTypoAscender"></a>Note: It is recommended that
	implementations that use OpenType or TrueType fonts
	use the metrics <code>sTypoAscender</code> and <code>sTypoDescender</code> from the font’s OS/2 table
	for <var>A</var> and <var>D</var> (after scaling to the current element’s font size).
	In the absence of these metrics,
	the "Ascent" and "Descent" metrics from the HHEA table should be used. </p>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="line-height">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-line-height">line-height</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">normal <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one②②">|</a> <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#number-value" id="ref-for-number-value">&lt;number></a> <span id="ref-for-comb-one②③">|</span> <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage②">&lt;length-percentage></a> 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>normal 
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>inline boxes 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>yes 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>computed relative to <span class="css">1em</span> 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>the specified keyword, a number, or a computed <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#length-value" id="ref-for-length-value①" title="Expands to: em | vb | ch | cm | vh | vi | in | ex | vw | ic | pt | px | lh | pc | rem | rlh | vmax | advance measure | vmin | mm | cap | q">&lt;length></a> value 
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete 
   </table>
   <p>On a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#block-container" id="ref-for-block-container⑤">block container</a> whose content is composed of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level-box" id="ref-for-inline-level-box③">inline-level boxes</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height①①">line-height</a> specifies the <em>minimal</em> height of line boxes within the element.
	The minimum height consists of
	a minimum height above the baseline
	and a minimum depth below it,
	exactly as if each line box starts with a zero-width inline box
	with the element’s font and line height properties.
	We call that imaginary box a <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport id="strut">strut</dfn>.
	(The name is inspired by TeX.).</p>
   <p>The height and depth of the font
	above and below the baseline
	are assumed to be metrics that are contained in the font.</p>
   <p>On a non-replaced <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box⑥">inline box</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height①②">line-height</a> specifies the height that is used
	in the calculation of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#line-box" id="ref-for-line-box⑤">line box</a> height.</p>
   <p>Values for this property have the following meanings:</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="line-height" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-line-height-normal">normal</dfn> 
    <dd> Tells user agents to determine the height of the inline box automatically
			based on font metrics.
			See above for details. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="line-height" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-line-height-length"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#length-value" id="ref-for-length-value②" title="Expands to: em | vb | ch | cm | vh | vi | in | ex | vw | ic | pt | px | lh | pc | rem | rlh | vmax | advance measure | vmin | mm | cap | q">&lt;length></a><a class="self-link" href="#valdef-line-height-length"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> The specified length is used in the calculation of the line box height.
			Negative values are illegal. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="line-height" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-line-height-number"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#number-value" id="ref-for-number-value①">&lt;number></a><a class="self-link" href="#valdef-line-height-number"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> The used value of the property is this number
			multiplied by the element’s font size.
			Negative values are illegal.
			The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#computed-value" id="ref-for-computed-value">computed value</a> is the same as the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#specified-value" id="ref-for-specified-value">specified value</a>. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="line-height" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-line-height-percentage"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#percentage-value" id="ref-for-percentage-value①">&lt;percentage></a><a class="self-link" href="#valdef-line-height-percentage"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#computed-value" id="ref-for-computed-value①">computed value</a> of the property
			is this percentage multiplied by the element’s computed <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-fonts-3/#propdef-font-size" id="ref-for-propdef-font-size">font-size</a>.
			Negative values are illegal. 
   </dl>
   <div class="example" id="example-20daadcd">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-20daadcd"></a> The three rules in the example below have the same resultant line height: 
<pre><code class="highlight"><c- f>div </c-><c- p>{</c-> <c- k>line-height</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>1.2</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>font-size</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>10</c-><c- l>pt</c-> <c- p>}</c->     <c- c>/* number */</c->
<c- f>div </c-><c- p>{</c-> <c- k>line-height</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>1.2</c-><c- l>em</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>font-size</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>10</c-><c- l>pt</c-> <c- p>}</c->   <c- c>/* length */</c->
<c- f>div </c-><c- p>{</c-> <c- k>line-height</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>120</c-><c- l>%</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>font-size</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>10</c-><c- l>pt</c-> <c- p>}</c->    <c- c>/* percentage */</c->
</code></pre>
   </div>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> When there is only one value of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height①③">line-height</a> (other than <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-line-height-normal" id="ref-for-valdef-line-height-normal⑤">normal</a>)
	for all inline boxes in a block container box
	and they all use the same first available font
	(and there are no replaced elements, inline-block elements, etc.),
	the above will ensure that baselines of successive lines
	are exactly <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height①④">line-height</span> apart.
	This is important when columns of text in different fonts have to be aligned,
	for example in a table.</p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-252392dc"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-252392dc"></a> The fact that percentages compute to lengths is annoying.
	See also href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/3118">Issue 3118
	and <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/2165">Issue 2165</a>.</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.4" id="line-sizing-property"><span class="secno">3.4. </span><span class="content"> Line Sizing Containment: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-line-sizing">line-sizing</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#line-sizing-property"></a></h3>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="line-sizing">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-line-sizing">line-sizing</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">legacy <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one②④">|</a> normal 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>legacy 
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>inline boxes 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>yes 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>the specified keyword 
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete 
   </table>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-0f88b27c"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-0f88b27c"></a> This is a rought draft of a proposal, and has not yet been approved by the CSSWG.
	See discussion in <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/3199">Issue 3199</a>, <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2011Mar/0364.html">Hyatt’s message</a>, and <a href="https://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/csswg/css3-linebox/Attic/Overview.html?rev=1.5;content-type=text%2Fhtml#LineStacking">dbaron’s proposal</a>.</p>
   <p>This property controls the method by which line boxes are sized,
	and thus the spacing between lines of text.</p>
   <p>Values have the following meanings:</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="line-sizing" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-line-sizing-legacy">legacy<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-line-sizing-legacy"></a></dfn> 
    <dd>
      The inline box contributes to the sizing of its line box
			based on its <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height①⑤">line-height</a>,
			rather than based on its box edges,
			as defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2">[CSS2]</a>.
			In Quirks Mode <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-quirks">[QUIRKS]</a>,
			any <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box⑦">inline box</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#box-fragment" id="ref-for-box-fragment">fragment</a> that has zero borders and padding and
			that does not directly contain text or <a data-link-type="dfn">preserved white space</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-text-3">[CSS-TEXT-3]</a> is ignored when sizing the line box. 
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> In this model, vertical rhythm is broken
			any time there is a change in font metrics within a paragraph.</p>
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="line-sizing" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-line-sizing-normal">normal<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-line-sizing-normal"></a></dfn> 
    <dd>
      The inline box contributes to the sizing of its line box
			based on its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin-box" id="ref-for-margin-box②">margin box</a>,
			rather than its <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height①⑥">line-height</a>.
			Half-leading is inserted inside the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#content-box" id="ref-for-content-box①">content box</a> edges,
			rather than overlapping the padding/border/margin areas.
			However, positive half-leading is only applied to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#root-inline-box" id="ref-for-root-inline-box①">root inline box</a>.
			Negative half-leading is applied to all inline boxes,-
			reducing the size of the <span id="ref-for-content-box②">content box</span> as needed. 
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> This will give consistent line spacing
			as long as there is some amount of leading added,
			such that the half-leading on the root inline
			is large enough to accommodate the unleaded ascent/descent of its descendants.
			The line box will grow, however, to accommodate
			content that would otherwise overflow,
			to avoid overlap between lines.</p>
   </dl>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-d0fc4650"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-d0fc4650"></a> Should this property apply to block containers or to inline boxes?
	In the latter case, an individual inline could say "pay attention to me"
	or "don’t pay attention to me".</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.5" id="leading-trim-property"><span class="secno">3.5. </span><span class="content"> Leading Control: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-leading-trim-over" id="ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-over">leading-trim-over</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-leading-trim-under" id="ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-under">leading-trim-under</a> properties and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-leading-trim" id="ref-for-propdef-leading-trim">leading-trim</a> shorthand</span><a class="self-link" href="#leading-trim-property"></a></h3>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-be342bdd"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-be342bdd"></a> This is a rought draft of a proposal,
	and is likely to change significantly
	as design critiques and use cases are registered.
	Values and property names may be added, dropped, and/or renamed,
	and the overall syntax or behavior may change.
	Do not implement (yet).
	The CSSWG particularly invites feedback on
	which font metrics need corresponding keyword values.</p>
   <p>To ensure consistent spacing in the basic case of running text,
	CSS line layout introduces leading both above and below
	the text content of each line.
	In addition, the ascend and descent font metrics themselves
	include extra space above and below the most common glyph sizes
	in order to accommodate occasional characters and diacritics
	which ascend or descend beyond the typical bounds.
	This prevents subsequent lines of text from overlapping each other.
	However, all this extra spacing interferes with visual alignment
	and with control over effective (visually-apparent) spacing.</p>
   <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-leading-trim" id="ref-for-propdef-leading-trim①">leading-trim</a> properties allow controlling the spacing above and below
	the first and last lines of a block.
	It allows precise control over spacing;
	moreover, by relying on font metrics rather than hard-coded lengths,
	it allows content to be resized, rewrapped, and rendered in a variety of fonts
	while maintaining that spacing.</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-31552cb0">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-31552cb0"></a> 
    <p>A common problem is vertical centering.
		It’s easy to vertically center the text container to an icon,
		but because the visual boundaries of Latin text
		are the cap height and the alphabetic baseline,
		rather than the ascent and descent,
		this often doesn’t yield the intended visual effect.</p>
    <figure>
      <img alt="Consider some Latin text placed to the right of an image,
			          to be centered between its top and bottom.
			          Measuring from the top of the image to the top of the text box yields 13px;
			          likewise measuring from the bottom of the image to the bottom of the text box yelds 13px,
			          theoretically perfectly centering the text.
			          However, measuring from the top of the image to the cap-height yields 21px;
			          and measuring from the bottom to the alphabetic baseline yields 19px,
			          showing that visually the text is not actually centered." src="images/leading-trim-centering-fail.png"> 
     <figcaption> Measuring to the top/bottom of the text may yield equal results,
				but measuring to the visual bounds shows that it is not visually centered. </figcaption>
    </figure>
    <p>To center the text visually,
		it’s necessary to asume the cap height and alphabetic baseline
		as the top and bottom edges of the text,
		respectively.</p>
    <figure>
      <img alt="If the text were visually centered,
			          the distance between the top of the image and the cap height would be 20px,
			          and the distance between the bottom of the image and the alphabetic baseline would be equally 20px." src="images/leading-trim-centering-goal.png" style="width: 50%"> 
     <figcaption> Measuring to the cap height / alphabetic baseline
				instead of the ascent / descent
				and equalizing those distances
				visually centers the text. </figcaption>
    </figure>
    <p>By using <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-leading-trim" id="ref-for-propdef-leading-trim②">leading-trim</a> to strip out the spacing above the cap height
		and below the alphabetic baseline,
		centering the box actually centers the text;
		and does so reliably, regardless of what font is used to render it.</p>
    <figure>
      <img alt src="images/leading-trim-centering-variants.gif"> 
     <figcaption> Even though different fonts have different cap heights,
				by using the font’s metric rather than a magic number,
				the layout intention is met even as the font is changed. </figcaption>
    </figure>
   </div>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="leading-trim-over">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-leading-trim-over">leading-trim-over</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">normal <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one②⑤">|</a> text <span id="ref-for-comb-one②⑥">|</span> cap <span id="ref-for-comb-one②⑦">|</span> ex <span id="ref-for-comb-one②⑧">|</span> ideographic <span id="ref-for-comb-one②⑨">|</span> ideographic-ink 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>normal 
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>block containers 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>the specified keyword 
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete 
   </table>
   <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-leading-trim-over" id="ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-over①">leading-trim-over</a> property trims
	the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#line-over" id="ref-for-line-over">line-over</a> side of the first line box in the block container
	to better match the box’s content edge to its text content.
	The property affects only the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#first-formatted-line" id="ref-for-first-formatted-line">first formatted line</a> of the block container;
	if there is no such line, it has no effect.
	Values have the following meanings:</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="leading-trim-over, leading-trim" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-leading-trim-over-normal">normal<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-leading-trim-over-normal"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Half-leading is applied over the first line,
			just as for every other line. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="leading-trim-over, leading-trim" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-leading-trim-over-text">text<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-leading-trim-over-text"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Half-leading is not applied over the first line;
			the top of the line box is set to
			the text-top metric
			of the root inline box. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="leading-trim-over, leading-trim" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-leading-trim-over-cap">cap</dfn> 
    <dd> Half-leading is not applied over the first line;
			the top of the line box is set to
			the cap-height metric
			of the root inline box. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="leading-trim-over, leading-trim" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-leading-trim-over-ex">ex</dfn> 
    <dd> Half-leading is not applied over the first line;
			the top of the line box is set to
			the ex-height metric
			of the root inline box. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="leading-trim-over, leading-trim" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-leading-trim-over-ideographic">ideographic<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-leading-trim-over-ideographic"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Half-leading is not applied over the first line;
			the top of the line box is set to
			the ideographic top (<code>idtp</code>) metric
			of the root inline box. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="leading-trim-over, leading-trim" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-leading-trim-over-ideographic-ink">ideographic-ink<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-leading-trim-over-ideographic-ink"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Half-leading is not applied over the first line;
			the top of the line box is set to
			the ideographic character face top (<code>icft</code>) metric
			of the root inline box. 
   </dl>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="leading-trim-under">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-leading-trim-under">leading-trim-under</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">normal <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one③⓪">|</a> text <span id="ref-for-comb-one③①">|</span> alphabetic <span id="ref-for-comb-one③②">|</span> ideographic <span id="ref-for-comb-one③③">|</span> ideographic-ink 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>normal 
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>block containers 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>yes 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>the specified keyword 
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete 
   </table>
   <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-leading-trim-over" id="ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-over②">leading-trim-over</a> property trims
	the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#line-over" id="ref-for-line-over①">line-over</a> side of the first line box in the block container
	to better match the box’s content edge to its text content.
	The property affects only the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#first-formatted-line" id="ref-for-first-formatted-line①">first formatted line</a> of the block container;
	if there is no such line, it has no effect.
	Values have the following meanings:</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="leading-trim-under" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-leading-trim-under-normal">normal<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-leading-trim-under-normal"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Half-leading is applied over the first line,
			just as for every other line. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="leading-trim-under" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-leading-trim-under-text">text<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-leading-trim-under-text"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Half-leading is not applied over the first line;
			the top of the line box is set to
			the text-top metric
			of the root inline box. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="leading-trim-under" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-leading-trim-under-alphabetic">alphabetic</dfn> 
    <dd> Half-leading is not applied over the first line;
			the top of the line box is set to
			the alphabetic baseline metric
			of the root inline box. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="leading-trim-under" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-leading-trim-under-ideographic">ideographic<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-leading-trim-under-ideographic"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Half-leading is not applied over the first line;
			the top of the line box is set to
			the ideographic bottom (<code>ideo</code>) metric
			of the root inline box. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="leading-trim-under" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-leading-trim-under-ideographic-ink">ideographic-ink<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-leading-trim-under-ideographic-ink"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Half-leading is not applied over the first line;
			the top of the line box is set to
			the ideographic character face top (<code>icfb</code>) metric
			of the root inline box. 
   </dl>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="leading-trim">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-leading-trim">leading-trim</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">normal <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one③④">|</a> text <span id="ref-for-comb-one③⑤">|</span> cap <span id="ref-for-comb-one③⑥">|</span> ex <span id="ref-for-comb-one③⑦">|</span> ideographic <span id="ref-for-comb-one③⑧">|</span> ideographic-ink 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>normal 
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>block containers 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>the specified keyword 
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete 
   </table>
   <p>This property is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#shorthand-property" id="ref-for-shorthand-property①">shorthand</a> of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-leading-trim-over" id="ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-over③">leading-trim-over</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-leading-trim-under" id="ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-under①">leading-trim-under</a>.
	If <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-leading-trim-over-cap" id="ref-for-valdef-leading-trim-over-cap">cap</a> or <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-leading-trim-over-ex" id="ref-for-valdef-leading-trim-over-ex">ex</a> is specified, <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-over④">leading-trim-over</span> is set to that value
	and <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-under②">leading-trim-under</span> is set to <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-leading-trim-under-alphabetic" id="ref-for-valdef-leading-trim-under-alphabetic">alphabetic</a>;
	otherwise both <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#longhand" id="ref-for-longhand">longhands</a> are set to the specified keyword.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="4" id="inline-box-dimensions"><span class="secno">4. </span><span class="content"> Drawing Inline Boxes</span><a class="self-link" href="#inline-box-dimensions"></a></h2>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="4.1" id="line-fill"><span class="secno">4.1. </span><span class="content"> Inline Box Heights: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-inline-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-inline-sizing">inline-sizing</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#line-fill"></a></h3>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="inline-sizing">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-inline-sizing">inline-sizing</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">normal <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one③⑨">|</a> stretch 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>normal 
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td><a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box⑧">inline boxes</a> 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>n/a 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>specified keyword 
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete 
   </table>
   <p>This property specifies how the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#logical-height" id="ref-for-logical-height②">logical height</a> of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#content-area" id="ref-for-content-area">content area</a> of an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box⑨">inline box</a> is measured
	and how it is aligned with its contents.
	(It has no effect on the size or position of the box’s contents.)
	Values have the following meanings:</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="inline-sizing" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-inline-sizing-normal">normal</dfn> 
    <dd> The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#content-area" id="ref-for-content-area①">content area</a> of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box①⓪">inline box</a> is sized and position to fit its (possibly hypothetical) text
			as specified in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#inline-non-replaced">CSS2§10.6.1</a>. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="inline-sizing" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-inline-sizing-stretch">stretch<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-inline-sizing-stretch"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Once the line box has been sized,
			the final <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#logical-height" id="ref-for-logical-height③">logical height</a> of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box①①">inline box</a>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#content-area" id="ref-for-content-area②">content area</a> is calculated as the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#stretch-fit" id="ref-for-stretch-fit">stretch fit</a> into the line box,
			and it is positioned such that its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin-edge" id="ref-for-margin-edge">margin edges</a> coincide with the line box’s edges. 
   </dl>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-9042a73c"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-9042a73c"></a> We might want to use this opportunity to more precisely define <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-inline-sizing-normal" id="ref-for-valdef-inline-sizing-normal">normal</a>,
	rename it to match,
	and possibly introduce any other values that may seem necessary.</p>
   <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height">height</a> property does not apply.
	The height of the content area should be based on the font,
	but this specification does not specify how.
	A UA may, e.g., use the the maximum ascender and descender of the font.
	(This would ensure that glyphs with parts above or below the em-box
	still fall within the content area,
	but leads to differently sized boxes for different fonts.)</p>
   <p>The vertical padding, border and margin of an inline, non-replaced box
	start at the top and bottom of the content area,
	and has nothing to do with the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height①⑦">line-height</a>.
	But only the <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height①⑧">line-height</span> is used when calculating
	the height of the line box.</p>
   <p>If more than one font is used
	(this could happen when glyphs are found in different fonts),
	the height of the content area is not affected
	by the glyphs from the fallback fonts,
	and only depends on the first available font.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="5" id="initial-letter-styling"><span class="secno">5. </span><span class="content"> Initial Letters</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-styling"></a></h2>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-f90429eb"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-f90429eb"></a>The editors would appreciate any examples of drop initials in non-western scripts, especially Arabic and Indic scripts.</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.1" id="initial-letter-intro"><span class="secno">5.1. </span><span class="content"> An Introduction to Initial Letters</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-intro"></a></h3>
   <p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
   <p>Large, decorative letters have been used to start new sections of text since before the invention of printing.
	In fact, their use predates lowercase letters entirely.</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.1.1" id="drop-initial"><span class="secno">5.1.1. </span><span class="content"> Drop Initial</span><a class="self-link" href="#drop-initial"></a></h4>
   <p>A <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport id="dropped-initial">dropped initial</dfn> (or “drop cap”)
	is a larger-than-usual letter at the start of a paragraph,
	with a baseline at least one line lower than the first baseline of the paragraph.
	The size of the drop initial is usually indicated by how many lines it occupies.
	Two- and three-line drop initials are very common.</p>
   <figure>
     <img alt="3-line drop cap with E Acute" src="images/Dropcap-E-acute-3line.png" width="480"> 
    <figcaption> Three-line drop initial with E acute.
			Since the cap-height of the drop initial aligns with the cap-height of the main text,
			the accent extends above the paragraph. </figcaption>
   </figure>
   <p>The exact size and position of a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#dropped-initial" id="ref-for-dropped-initial">dropped initial</a> depends on the alignment of its glyph.
	Reference points on the drop cap must align precisely
	with reference points in the text.
	The alignment constraints for drop initials depend on the writing system.</p>
   <p>In Western scripts, the top reference points are
	the cap height of the initial letter and of the first line of text.
	The bottom reference points are
	the alphabetic baseline of the initial letter
	and the baseline of the Nth line of text.
	The figure below shows a simple two-line drop cap, with the relevant reference lines marked.</p>
   <figure>
     <img alt="drop cap showing alignment" src="images/Dropcap-lines.png" width="600"> 
    <figcaption>Two-line drop cap showing baselines (green lines), cap-height (red line), and ascender (cyan line).</figcaption>
   </figure>
   <p>In Han-derived scripts, the initial letter extends
	from the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-start" id="ref-for-block-start">block-start</a> edge of the glyphs on the first line
	to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-end" id="ref-for-block-end">block-end</a> edge of the glyphs on the Nth line.</p>
   <figure>
     <img alt="Japanese Vertical Initial" src="images/Initial-2line-JapaneseVertical.png" width="480"> 
    <figcaption>Two-line drop initial in vertical writing mode</figcaption>
   </figure>
   <p>In certain Indic scripts,
	the top alignment point	is the hanging baseline,
	and the bottom alignment point is the text-after-edge.</p>
   <figure>
     <img alt="Devangari initial letter" src="images/Devangari-Initial.png" width="480"> 
    <figcaption>Devangari <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter①">initial letter</a> aligned with hanging baseline. Alignment points shown in red.</figcaption>
   </figure>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.1.2" id="sunk-initial"><span class="secno">5.1.2. </span><span class="content"> Sunken Initial Letters</span><a class="self-link" href="#sunk-initial"></a></h4>
   <p>Some styles of drop initials do not align with the first line of text.
	A <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport id="sunken-initial">sunken initial</dfn> (or “sunken cap”)
	both sinks below the first baseline,
	and extends above the first line of text.</p>
   <figure>
     <img alt="sunken drop initial" src="images/SunkenCapA.png" width="480"> 
    <figcaption>Sunken cap. The letter drops two lines, but is the size of a three-line initial letter.</figcaption>
   </figure>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.1.3" id="raise-initial"><span class="secno">5.1.3. </span><span class="content"> Raised Initial Letters</span><a class="self-link" href="#raise-initial"></a></h4>
   <p>A <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport id="raised-initial">raised initial</dfn> (often called a “raised cap” or “stick-up cap”) “sinks” to the first text baseline.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> A proper raised initial has several advantages over
	simply increasing the font size of a first letter.
	The line spacing in the rest of the paragraph will not be altered,
	but text will still be excluded around large descenders.
	And if the size of raised initial is defined to be an integral number of lines,
	implicit baseline grids can be maintained.</p>
   <figure>
     <img alt="raised cap" src="images/RaisedCap.png" width="480"> 
    <figcaption>Raised cap. The initial letter is the size of a 3-line initial, but does not drop.</figcaption>
   </figure>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.2" id="selecting-drop-initials"><span class="secno">5.2. </span><span class="content"> Selecting Initial Letters</span><a class="self-link" href="#selecting-drop-initials"></a></h3>
   <p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
   <p>Initial letters are typically a single letter, although
	they may include punctuation or a sequence of characters which
	are perceived by the user to be a single typographic unit.
	The <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-first-letter" id="ref-for-selectordef-first-letter">::first-letter</a> pseudo-element,
	defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-select">[SELECT]</a> and <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-pseudo-4">[CSS-PSEUDO-4]</a>,
	can be used to select the character(s) to be formatted as <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter②">initial letters</a>.</p>
   <p>Authors who need more control over which characters are included in an initial letter,
	or who want to apply initial-letters formatting to replaced elements or multiple words
	can alternately apply the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters">initial-letters</a> property to the first inline-level child of a block container.</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-8936dadb">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-8936dadb"></a> 
<pre>&lt;p>This paragraph has a dropped “T”.
&lt;p>&lt;img alt="H" src="illuminated-h.svg">ere we have an illuminated “H”.
&lt;p>&lt;span>Words may also&lt;/span> be given initial letter styling at the beginning of a paragraph.
</pre>
<pre>::first-letter, /* style first paragraph’s T */
img, /* style illuminated H */
span /* style phrase inside span */
{ initial-letters: 2; }
</pre>
   </div>
   <p>Note that
	since <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-first-letter" id="ref-for-selectordef-first-letter①">::first-letter</a> selects punctuation before or after the first letter,
	these characters are included in the initial-letters when <span class="css" id="ref-for-selectordef-first-letter②">::first-letter</span> is used.</p>
   <figure>
     <img alt="Paragraph showing both opening quote and first letter set as three-line drop cap" src="images/initial-letter-punctuation-quote.png" width="604"> 
    <figcaption>The <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-first-letter" id="ref-for-selectordef-first-letter③">::first-letter</a> pseudo-element selects the quotation mark as well as the “M”.</figcaption>
   </figure>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-011bd248"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-011bd248"></a> Should there be a way to opt out of this behavior? See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/310">Github Issue 310</a>.</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.3" id="sizing-drop-initials"><span class="secno">5.3. </span><span class="content"> Creating Initial Letters: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①">initial-letters</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#sizing-drop-initials"></a></h3>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="<dfn id=&quot;propdef-initial-letters&quot;>initial-letters</dfn>">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-initial-letters">initial-letters</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">normal <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one④⓪">|</a> <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#number-value" id="ref-for-number-value②">&lt;number></a> <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#integer-value" id="ref-for-integer-value">&lt;integer></a> <span id="ref-for-comb-one④①">|</span> <span class="production" id="ref-for-number-value③">&lt;number></span> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-all" id="ref-for-comb-all">&amp;&amp;</a> [ drop <span id="ref-for-comb-one④②">|</span> raise ]<a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#mult-opt" id="ref-for-mult-opt">?</a> 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>normal 
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>certain inline-level boxes and <span class="css">::first-letter</span> and inside <span class="css">::marker</span> boxes (<a href="#first-most-inline-level">see prose</a>) 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>the keyword <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-normal" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-normal">normal</a> or a number paired with an integer 
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>by computed value type 
   </table>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-663d7ced"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-663d7ced"></a> Renaming this property (and the others in this section)
	is currently <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/2950">under discussion</a>.</p>
   <p>This property specifies
	the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letters-initial-letter-size" id="ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-size">size</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letters-initial-letter-sink" id="ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-sink">sink</a> for dropped, raised, and sunken initial letters
	as the number of lines spanned.</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-dc1ea7ad">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-dc1ea7ad"></a> For example, the following code will create
		a 2-line dropped initial letter
		at the beginning of each paragraph
		that immediately follows a second-level heading: 
<pre>h2 + p::first-letter { initial-letters: 2; }</pre>
   </div>
   <p>It takes the following values:</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-normal">normal</dfn> 
    <dd> No special initial-letters effect. Text behaves as normal. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-number"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#number-value" id="ref-for-number-value④">&lt;number></a><a class="self-link" href="#valdef-initial-letters-number"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> This first argument defines the <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-for="initial-letters" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-lt="initial letter size" data-noexport id="initial-letters-initial-letter-size">size</dfn> of the initial letter
			in terms of how many lines it occupies.
			Values less than one are invalid. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-integer"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#integer-value" id="ref-for-integer-value①">&lt;integer></a><a class="self-link" href="#valdef-initial-letters-integer"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> This optional second argument 
			defines the number of lines the initial letter should <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-for="initial-letters" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-local-lt="sink" data-lt="initial letter sink" data-noexport id="initial-letters-initial-letter-sink">sink</dfn>.
			A value of <span class="css">1</span> indicates a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#raised-initial" id="ref-for-raised-initial">raised initial</a>;
			values greater than <span class="css">1</span> indiciate a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#sunken-initial" id="ref-for-sunken-initial">sunken initial</a>.
			Values less than one are invalid. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-raise">raise<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-initial-letters-raise"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Computes to an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letters-initial-letter-sink" id="ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-sink①">initial letter sink</a> of <span class="css">1</span>. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-drop">drop</dfn> 
    <dd> Computes to an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letters-initial-letter-sink" id="ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-sink②">initial letter sink</a> equal to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letters-initial-letter-size" id="ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-size①">initial letter size</a> floored to the nearest positive whole number. 
   </dl>
   <p>If the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letters-initial-letter-sink" id="ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-sink③">initial letter sink</a> value is omitted, <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-drop" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-drop">drop</a> is assumed.</p>
   <p>Values other than <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-normal" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-normal①">normal</a> cause the affected box to become an <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-lt="initial letter | initial letter box" data-noexport id="initial-letter">initial letter box</dfn>,
	which is an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#in-flow" id="ref-for-in-flow①">in-flow</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level-box" id="ref-for-inline-level-box④">inline-level box</a> with special layout behavior.</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-f431d41a">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-f431d41a"></a> Here are some examples of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②">initial-letters</a> usage: 
    <dl>
     <dt><a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters③">initial-letters: 3</a> 
     <dt><a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters④">initial-letters: 3 3</a> 
     <dt><a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters⑤">initial-letters: 3 drop</a> 
     <dt><a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters⑥">initial-letters: drop 3</a> 
     <dd>
       Represents a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#dropped-initial" id="ref-for-dropped-initial①">dropped initial</a> 3 lines high, 3 lines deep. 
      <p><img alt="3 lines high, 3 lines deep" src="images/InitialLetter33.png" width="360"></p>
     <dt><a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters⑦">initial-letters: 3 2</a> 
     <dd>
       Represents a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#sunken-initial" id="ref-for-sunken-initial①">sunken initial</a> 3 lines high, 2 lines deep. 
      <p><img alt="3 lines high, 2 lines deep" src="images/InitialLetter32.png" width="360"></p>
     <dt><a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters⑧">initial-letters: 3 1</a> 
     <dt><a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters⑨">initial-letters: 3 raise</a> 
     <dt><a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①⓪">initial-letters: raise 3</a> 
     <dd>
       Represents a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#raised-initial" id="ref-for-raised-initial①">raised initial</a> 3 lines high, 1 line deep. 
      <p><img alt="3 lines high, 1 line deep" src="images/InitialLetter31.png" width="360"></p>
     <dt><a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①①">initial-letters: 2.51 3</a> 
     <dd>
       The size of the initial letter does not have to be an integral number of lines.
				In this case only the bottom aligns. 
      <p><img alt="Non-integral initial letter that only aligns at base" src="images/non-integer-initial.png" width="360"></p>
    </dl>
   </div>
   <div class="example" id="example-43e901df">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-43e901df"></a> In conjunction with other CSS properties, <span class="css">initial-letters</span> can be used to create
		“adjacent initial letters,” where the initial letter is adjacent to the text: 
<pre>p::first-letter {
  initial-letters: 3;
  color: red;
  width: 5em;
  text-align: right;
  margin-left: -5em;
}

p {
  margin-left: 5em;
}
</pre>
    <figure> <img alt="Initial letter adjacent to text" src="images/adjacent-initial-letter.png" width="360"> </figure>
   </div>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.3.1" id="first-most-inline-level"><span class="secno">5.3.1. </span><span class="content"> Applicability</span><a class="self-link" href="#first-most-inline-level"></a></h4>
   <p>To give authors more control over which characters can be styled as an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter③">initial letter</a> and to allow the possibility of multi-character <span id="ref-for-initial-letter④">initial letters</span> (such as for first word or first phrase styling),
	the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①②">initial-letters</a> property applies not just
	to the CSS-defined <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-first-letter" id="ref-for-selectordef-first-letter④">::first-letter</a> pseudo-element,
	but also to <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-lists-3/#valdef-list-style-position-inside" id="ref-for-valdef-list-style-position-inside">inside</a>-positioned <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-marker" id="ref-for-selectordef-marker">::marker</a> pseudo-elements and
	inline-level boxes
	that are placed at the start of the first line.
	Specifically, <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①③">initial-letters</span> applies to
	any <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level-box" id="ref-for-inline-level-box⑤">inline-level box</a>—<wbr>including any such <span class="css" id="ref-for-selectordef-first-letter⑤">::first-letter</span> or <span class="css" id="ref-for-selectordef-marker①">::marker</span> box—<wbr>that is the first child of its parent box
	and whose ancestors (if any) that are descendants of its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#containing-block" id="ref-for-containing-block②">containing block</a> are all first-child <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box①②">inline boxes</a> that have a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#computed-value" id="ref-for-computed-value②">computed</a> <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①④">initial-letters</span> value
	of <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-normal" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-normal②">normal</a>.</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-3b236413">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-3b236413"></a> For example,
		the <code>&lt;span></code>, <code>&lt;em></code>, and <code>&lt;b></code> elements
		in the following example are
		"first-most inline-level descendants" of the <code>&lt;p></code>,
		but the <code>&lt;strong></code> element
		is not: 
<pre>&lt;p>&lt;span>&lt;em>&lt;b>This&lt;/b> phrase&lt;/em> is styled
&lt;strong>specially&lt;/strong>.&lt;/span> …
</pre>
    <p>If we apply the following rules:</p>
<pre>em { initial-letters: 2; }
b, strong { initial-letters: 3; }
</pre>
    <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①⑤">initial-letters</a> property will take effect only on the <code>&lt;em></code>.
		The styling on <code>&lt;b></code> is ignored,
		as it has an ancestor already styled as an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter⑤">initial letter</a>;
		and the styling on <code>&lt;strong></code> is ignored
		because it is a second sibling.</p>
    <p>The result might be rendered as</p>
    <figure> <img alt="“This phrase” becomes the dropped text spanning two lines, the remainder of the text wrapping alongside." src="images/firstmost-inline.png"> </figure>
   </div>
   <p>If <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①⑥">initial-letters</a> is applied to an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level-box" id="ref-for-inline-level-box⑥">inline-level box</a> that is not positioned at the start of the line due to bidi reordering
	or which is otherwise preceded by other <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level" id="ref-for-inline-level③">inline-level</a> content,
	its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value">used value</a> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-normal" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-normal③">normal</a>,
	and it is not formatted as an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter⑥">initial letter</a>.</p>
   <p>The effect of the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①⑦">initial-letters</a> property is undefined
	on children of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ruby-1/#ruby" id="ref-for-ruby">ruby</a> base container boxes
	and on <span id="ref-for-ruby①">ruby</span> container boxes.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①⑧">initial-letters</a> property cannot apply to any element
	whose <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-float" id="ref-for-propdef-float">float</a> is not <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-floats-3/#valdef-float-none" id="ref-for-valdef-float-none">none</a> or <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-position-3/#propdef-position" id="ref-for-propdef-position">position</a> is not <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-position-3/#valdef-position-static" id="ref-for-valdef-position-static">static</a>,
	because these values cause its <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#propdef-display" id="ref-for-propdef-display">display</a> to compute to <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#valdef-display-block" id="ref-for-valdef-display-block">block</a>.</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.4" id="aligning-initial-letter"><span class="secno">5.4. </span><span class="content"> Alignment of Initial Letters: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters-align" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-align">initial-letters-align</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#aligning-initial-letter"></a></h3>
   <p>As mentioned earlier, the alignment of initial letters
	depends on the script used.
	The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters-align" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-align①">initial-letters-align</a> property can be used to specify the proper alignment.</p>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="<dfn id=&quot;propdef-initial-letters-align&quot;>initial-letters-align</dfn>">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-initial-letters-align">initial-letters-align</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">border-box<a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#mult-opt" id="ref-for-mult-opt①">?</a> [ alphabetic <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one④③">|</a> ideographic <span id="ref-for-comb-one④④">|</span> hebrew <span id="ref-for-comb-one④⑤">|</span> hanging ] <span id="ref-for-comb-one④⑥">|</span> border-box 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>alphabetic 
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>certain inline-level boxes and <span class="css">::first-letter</span> and inside <span class="css">::marker</span> boxes (<a href="#first-most-inline-level">see prose</a>) 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>yes 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>specified keyword(s) 
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete 
   </table>
   <p>This property specifies the alignment points
	used to size and position an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter⑦">initial letter</a>.
	Two sets of alignment points are necessary:
	the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#over" id="ref-for-over">over</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#under" id="ref-for-under">under</a> alignment points of the <span id="ref-for-initial-letter⑧">initial letter</span> are matched to corresponding <span id="ref-for-over①">over</span> and <span id="ref-for-under①">under</span> points of the surrounding text.</p>
   <p>Values have the following meanings:</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters-align" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-align-alphabetic">alphabetic<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-initial-letters-align-alphabetic"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Use the cap-height and alphabetic baselines of the surrounding text
			to align the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter⑨">initial letter</a>. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters-align" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-align-ideographic">ideographic<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-initial-letters-align-ideographic"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Use the ideographic character face top and bottom edge baselines of the surrounding text
			to align the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter①⓪">initial letter</a>. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters-align" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-align-hebrew">hebrew<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-initial-letters-align-hebrew"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Use the Hebrew top and alphabetic baseline of the surrounding text
			to align the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter①①">initial letter</a>. 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters-align" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-align-hanging">hanging<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-initial-letters-align-hanging"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> Use the hanging and alphabetic baselines of the surrounding text
			to align the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter①②">initial letter</a>. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters-align" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-align-border-box">border-box</dfn> 
    <dd> Use the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter①③">initial letter box</a>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#line-under" id="ref-for-line-under">line-under</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#line-over" id="ref-for-line-over②">line-over</a> border edges
			as the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#over" id="ref-for-over②">over</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#under" id="ref-for-under②">under</a> alignment points, respectively. 
   </dl>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-a19d27ee"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-a19d27ee"></a> Is there a proper typographic term for the hebrew “hanging” baseline?</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-85a751b7">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-85a751b7"></a> The vertical writing mode example earlier
		(in <a href="#initial-letter-intro">§ 5.1 An Introduction to Initial Letters</a>)
		could be coded as: 
<pre>span.initial {
  initial-letters: 2;
  initial-letters-align: ideographic;
}
</pre>
   </div>
   <div class="example" id="example-22035c63">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-22035c63"></a> Initial letter in Hebrew 
<pre>span.initial {
initial-letters: 2;
initial-letters-align: hebrew;
}
</pre>
    <p><img alt="optical kerning in the presence or absence of a space after the initial letter" src="images/hebrew-initial-letter.png" width="480"></p>
   </div>
   <p>Except when <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-align-border-box" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-align-border-box">border-box</a> is specified,
	the alignment points of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter①④">initial letter</a> are automatically determined from its contents:</p>
   <ol>
    <li>If the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter①⑤">initial letter</a> is an atomic inline,
			use its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#over" id="ref-for-over③">over</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#under" id="ref-for-under③">under</a> content-box edges. 
    <li>Else if the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter①⑥">initial letter</a> contains any character from the Han, Hangul, Kana, or Yi <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#unicode-script" id="ref-for-unicode-script">Unicode scripts</a>,
			use the ideographic character face top and bottom edge baselines. 
    <li>Else if the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter①⑦">initial letter</a> contains any character from the Devanagari, Bengali, and Gurmukhi <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#unicode-script" id="ref-for-unicode-script①">Unicode scripts</a>,
			use the hanging and alphabetic baselines. 
    <li>Else if the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter①⑧">initial letter</a> contains any character from the Hebrew <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#unicode-script" id="ref-for-unicode-script②">Unicode scripts</a>,
			use the Hebrew top and alphabetic baselines. 
    <li>Else use the cap-height and alphabetic baselines. 
   </ol>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-88e9e0c2"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-88e9e0c2"></a> What is the proper alignment for South Asian scripts
	that do not have the explicit hanging baseline, such as Tamil or Telugu?
	See GitHub issue <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/864">864</a></p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> The ordering of keywords in this property is fixed in case <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-align-border-box" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-align-border-box①">border-box</a> is expanded to <span class="css">[ border-box | alphabetic | ideographic | hebrew | hanging ]</span> to allow explicitly specifying the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter①⑨">initial letter</a>’s alignment points.</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.4.1" id="initial-letter-align-defaults"><span class="secno">5.4.1. </span><span class="content"> UA Default Stylesheet for <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters-align" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-align②">initial-letters-align</a></span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-align-defaults"></a></h4>
   <p>In order to provide the better behavior by default,
	UAs must include in their default UA style sheet the following rules:</p>
<pre>[lang]:lang(zh, ja, ko, ii) {
  initial-letters-align: ideographic;
}
[lang]:lang(iw, yi, lad, jrb) {
  initial-letters-align: hebrew;
}
[lang]:lang(hi, mr, ne, pi, kok, brx, mai, sd, sa) {
  initial-letters-align: hanging;
}
/* Script tags override language tags */
[lang]:lang('*-Latn', '*-Cyrl') {
  initial-letters-align: alphabetic;
}
[lang]:lang('*-Hani', '*-Hant', '*-Hans') {
  initial-letters-align: ideographic;
}
</pre>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-fbd38850"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-fbd38850"></a> This only covers the most common cross-linguistic transcription systems.
	Should we include any other / all script tags in the UA style sheet?</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.5" id="initial-letter-layout"><span class="secno">5.5. </span><span class="content"> Initial Letter Layout</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-layout"></a></h3>
   <p>There are two types of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter②⓪">initial letter boxes</a>:
	those that arise from non-replaced <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box①③">inline boxes</a> and those that arise from <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#atomic-inline" id="ref-for-atomic-inline③">atomic inlines</a>.</p>
   <p>For the non-atomic <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-lt="inline initial letter | inline initial letter box" data-noexport id="inline-initial-letter">inline initial letter</dfn>,
	the box and its contents
	participate in the same <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-formatting-context" id="ref-for-inline-formatting-context③">inline formatting context</a> as the line on which it occurs,
	and a lot of special rules apply
	to give the expected sizing and alignment.</p>
   <p>For an <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-lt="atomic initial letter | atomic initial letter box" data-noexport id="atomic-initial-letter">atomic initial letter</dfn>,
	however,
	which is either a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#replaced-element" id="ref-for-replaced-element">replaced element</a> or which establishes an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#independent-formatting-context" id="ref-for-independent-formatting-context">independent formatting context</a> for its contents,
	the sizing of the box
	(aside from its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#automatic-size" id="ref-for-automatic-size">automatic size</a> in the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-axis" id="ref-for-block-axis①">block axis</a>)
	and layout of the contents within the box
	follows the usual rules:
	it is primarily the positioning of the box
	which is special.</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.5.1" id="initial-letter-properties"><span class="secno">5.5.1. </span><span class="content"> Properties Applying to Initial Letters</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-properties"></a></h4>
   <p>All properties that apply to an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box①④">inline box</a> also apply to an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#inline-initial-letter" id="ref-for-inline-initial-letter">inline initial letter</a> except for <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-vertical-align" id="ref-for-propdef-vertical-align⑦">vertical-align</a> and its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#longhand" id="ref-for-longhand①">sub-properties</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-fonts-3/#propdef-font-size" id="ref-for-propdef-font-size①">font-size</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height①⑨">line-height</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-line-sizing①">line-sizing</a>, and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-inline-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-inline-sizing①">inline-sizing</a>.
	Additionally, all of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#sizing-property" id="ref-for-sizing-property">sizing properties</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing">box-sizing</a> also apply to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter②①">initial letters</a>,
	(see <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-sizing-3">[css-sizing-3]</a>).</p>
   <p>All properties that apply to an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#atomic-inline" id="ref-for-atomic-inline④">atomic inline</a> also apply to the <span id="ref-for-atomic-inline⑤">atomic inline</span> when styled as an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter②②">initial letter</a>,
	except for <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-vertical-align" id="ref-for-propdef-vertical-align⑧">vertical-align</a> and its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#longhand" id="ref-for-longhand②">sub-properties</a>.</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.5.2" id="initial-letter-box"><span class="secno">5.5.2. </span><span class="content"> Margins, Borders, and Padding</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-box"></a></h4>
   <p>Initial letters can be styled with margins, padding, and borders
	just like any other box.
	Unless <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters-align" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-align③">initial-letters-align</a> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-align-border-box" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-align-border-box②">border-box</a>,
	its vertical alignment and sizing are not affected;
	however the effective exclusion area is
	(and corresponds to the margin area).</p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-9221e99f"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-9221e99f"></a> Reword that to handle <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing①">box-sizing</a> correctly.</p>
   <p>When padding and borders are zero,
	the initial letter may be kerned;
	see below.</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.6" id="sizing-initial-letters"><span class="secno">5.6. </span><span class="content"> Font Sizing of Initial Letters</span><a class="self-link" href="#sizing-initial-letters"></a></h3>
   <p>For an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#inline-initial-letter" id="ref-for-inline-initial-letter①">inline initial letter</a>,
	the font size used for sizing the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter②③">initial letter</a> contents
	is calculated to fulfill its specified <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letters-initial-letter-size" id="ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-size②">size</a> (see <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①⑨">initial-letters</a>)
	as anchored by its specified alignment points (see <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters-align" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-align④">initial-letters-align</a>).
	Note that no layout is required in this calculation:
	it is based only on computed values and font metrics.
	These <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value①">used</a> font size calculations <em>do not</em> affect the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#computed-value" id="ref-for-computed-value③">computed</a> <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-fonts-3/#propdef-font-size" id="ref-for-propdef-font-size②">font-size</a>,
	and therefore have no effect on the computation of <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#em" id="ref-for-em">em</a> length values, etc.</p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-c519e9ec"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-c519e9ec"></a> What about inheritance to descendants?</p>
   <p>For an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#atomic-initial-letter" id="ref-for-atomic-initial-letter">atomic initial letter</a>,
	the used font size is the computed font size as usual.</p>
   <p>The line height used in these calculations
	is the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height②⓪">line-height</a> of the containing block
	(or, in the case where a baseline grid is in use,
	the baseline-to-baseline spacing required by the baseline grid <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-line-grid-1">[CSS-LINE-GRID-1]</a>).
	The contents of the lines spanned,
	and therefore any variation in their heights and positions,
	is not accounted for.</p>
   <figure> <img alt="text underlay shows how initial letter alignment is not affected
     by the content of the spanned lines" src="images/infinite-text.png" width="300"> </figure>
   <p>For an <var>N</var>-line drop initial in a Western script,
	the cap-height of the letter needs to be (<var>N</var> – 1) times the line-height,
	plus the cap-height of the surrounding text.
	Note this height is <em>not</em> the font size of the drop initial.</p>
   <p>Actually calculating this font size is tricky.
	For an <var>N</var>-line drop initial,
	we find the drop initial font size to be:</p>
   <figure> <img alt="Font size of drop cap = ((N-1) * line-height + [cap-height of para] * [font size of paragraph])/[cap-height ratio of drop initial font]" src="images/InitialCapEquation.png" width="604"> </figure>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-20a01c1f"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-20a01c1f"></a> Update this calculation to be a) generic across writing systems / alignment points and b) handle non-integer sizes.</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-c366e114"><a class="self-link" href="#example-c366e114"></a> A three-line drop initial in Adobe Minion Pro
		would have a font size of 61.2pt given
		12pt text, 16pt line-height, and a cap-height of 651/1000 (from the font’s OS/2 table). </div>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.6.1" id="initial-letter-shaping"><span class="secno">5.6.1. </span><span class="content"> Shaping and Glyph Selection</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-shaping"></a></h4>
   <p>When <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②⓪">initial-letters</a> is not <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-normal" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-normal④">normal</a>,
	shaping <em>should</em> still occur across
	an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#inline-initial-letter" id="ref-for-inline-initial-letter②">inline initial letter box</a>’s boundaries.
	(See <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-3/#boundary-shaping">CSS Text 3 §7.3 Shaping Across Element Boundaries</a>.)
	For example, if the first letter of the Farsi word “پس”
	were styled with <span class="css" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②①">initial-letters: 2 1</span>,
	both letters would be styled in their joined forms,
	with initial-form “ﭘ” as the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter②④">initial letter</a>,
	followed by the normally-styled final-form “ﺲ”.
	Note that the two letters might not always graphically connect,
	even when shaped in their joining forms.</p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-bef56215"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-bef56215"></a> Are there other things we need to consider here?</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.7" id="initial-letter-box-size"><span class="secno">5.7. </span><span class="content"> Sizing the Initial Letter Box</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-box-size"></a></h3>
   <p>For an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#inline-initial-letter" id="ref-for-inline-initial-letter③">inline initial letter</a>,
	if the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter②⑤">initial letter</a>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#width" id="ref-for-width">preferred width</a>/<a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#height" id="ref-for-height">preferred height</a> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#definite" id="ref-for-definite">definite</a>,
	use that value
	(clamped as required by the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#min-width" id="ref-for-min-width">min size</a> and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#max-width" id="ref-for-max-width">max size</a> properties,
	and handling <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing②">box-sizing</a> as required)
	for that dimension of the box.</p>
   <p>Otherwise
	it is considered to have an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#automatic-size" id="ref-for-automatic-size①">automatic size</a> in that dimension
	and is sized and positioned to coincide with
	the smallest rectangle that would include
	the bounding boxes of all its glyphs—<wbr>excluding any that <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#hang" id="ref-for-hang">hang</a> (see <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-hanging-punctuation" id="ref-for-propdef-hanging-punctuation">hanging-punctuation</a>)—<wbr>as well as the margin boxes of any atomic inlines it contains.</p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-8de59d00"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-8de59d00"></a> Should the hanging punctuation be included in the box instead
	(so that the box is drawn around the punctuation when it is made visible through borders/background),
	but rather only excluded when positioning the box
	(so that the initial letter remains flush,
	with the hanging punctuation properly hanging)?
	See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/310">discussion</a>.</p>
   <p>For <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#atomic-initial-letter" id="ref-for-atomic-initial-letter①">atomic initial letters</a>,
	sizing follows the usual rules for that type of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#atomic-inline" id="ref-for-atomic-inline⑥">atomic inline</a>.
	However, if the box has an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#automatic-size" id="ref-for-automatic-size②">automatic</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-size" id="ref-for-block-size">block size</a> (<a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#valdef-width-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-width-auto">auto</a>),
	then its <span id="ref-for-block-size①">block size</span> is determined
	as for an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#inline-initial-letter" id="ref-for-inline-initial-letter④">inline initial letter</a> with <span class="css">border-box</span> alignment,
	and is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#definite" id="ref-for-definite①">definite</a>.</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.7.1" id="initial-letter-content-align"><span class="secno">5.7.1. </span><span class="content"> Alignment Within an Initial Letter Box</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-content-align"></a></h4>
   <p>By default (i.e. under <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#automatic-size" id="ref-for-automatic-size③">automatic sizing</a>),
	the content box of an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#inline-initial-letter" id="ref-for-inline-initial-letter⑤">inline initial letter</a> is fitted exactly to its content,
	and alignment properties like <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-text-align" id="ref-for-propdef-text-align">text-align</a> or <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#propdef-align-content" id="ref-for-propdef-align-content①">align-content</a> do not apply.
	However, if the box is <em>not</em> sized automatically:</p>
   <ul>
    <li> If the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-size" id="ref-for-inline-size">inline size</a> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#definite" id="ref-for-definite②">definite</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-text-align" id="ref-for-propdef-text-align①">text-align</a> is honored
			for aligning the contents of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter②⑥">initial letter</a> within its box in the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-axis" id="ref-for-inline-axis②">inline axis</a> (using its <span id="ref-for-inline-axis③">inline-axis</span> bearings as usual,
			not the bounding box of its glyph outlines). 
    <li> If the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-size" id="ref-for-block-size②">block size</a> is <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#definite" id="ref-for-definite③">definite</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#propdef-align-content" id="ref-for-propdef-align-content②">align-content</a> is honored
			for aligning its contents in the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-axis" id="ref-for-block-axis②">block axis</a> (using its <span id="ref-for-block-axis③">block-axis</span> bearings,
			synthesizing them if needed). 
   </ul>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.8" id="initial-letter-position"><span class="secno">5.8. </span><span class="content"> Initial Letter Positioning and Spacing</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-position"></a></h3>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.8.1" id="initial-letter-exclusions"><span class="secno">5.8.1. </span><span class="content"> Space Below Initial Letters</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-exclusions"></a></h4>
   <p>The glyph(s) of an initial letter do not always fit within the specified sink.
	For example, if an initial letter has a descender,
	it could crash into the (n+1)th line of text.
	This is not desirable.</p>
   <figure>
     <img alt="3-line drop cap with J, with descender crashing into fourth line of text" src="images/Dropcap-J-3line-crash.png" width="480"> 
    <figcaption>Incorrect: three-line initial letter with descender.
		In this font, the capital “J” extends well below the baseline (shown in red).</figcaption>
   </figure>
   <p>Therefore all line boxes impacted by the glyph bounding boxes
	of an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter②⑦">initial letter</a> are excluded,
	not just those within range of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letters-initial-letter-sink" id="ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-sink④">initial letter sink</a>.
	Specifically, for non-atomic initial letters,
	the content box of the element is sized to fit:</p>
   <ul>
    <li>The specified amount of sink
		(i.e the distance from the top alignment point to the bottom alignment point). 
    <li>The actual ascent and descent and side bearings of all the glyphs it contains
		that are part of its inline formatting context,
		even if they leak outside their em boxes. 
    <li>The margin boxes of all the atomic inlines it contains
		that are part of its inline formatting context,
		even if they leak outside its own line-height. 
   </ul>
   <p>The initial letter is then made an exclusion area,
	the same as if it were a float.
	See <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters-wrap" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-wrap①">initial-letters-wrap</a> for details.</p>
   <figure>
     <img alt="3-line drop cap with J, but four-line exclusion" src="images/Dropcap-J-3line-exclude.png" width="480"> 
    <figcaption>Correct: text excluded around glyph bounding box</figcaption>
   </figure>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.8.2" id="initial-letter-block-position"><span class="secno">5.8.2. </span><span class="content"> Block-axis Positioning</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-block-position"></a></h4>
   <p>In the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-axis" id="ref-for-block-axis④">block axis</a>, the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter②⑧">initial letter</a> is positioned
	as required to satisfy its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#under" id="ref-for-under④">under</a> alignment point (<a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters-align" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-align⑤">initial-letters-align</a>)
	at its specified <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letters-initial-letter-sink" id="ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-sink⑤">sink</a> (<a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②②">initial-letters</a>),
	i.e. it is positioned
	such that it would sink the number of lines
	specified by <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②③">initial-letters</span>’s second argument
	and align to the requisite <span id="ref-for-under⑤">under</span> alignment point
	if it was assumed that its containing block held only
	the <span id="ref-for-initial-letter②⑨">initial letter</span> itself
	followed by an infinite sequence of plain text
	as the direct contents of its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#root-inline-box" id="ref-for-root-inline-box②">root inline box</a>.</p>
   <figure> <img alt="Constant-sized text underlay shows how initial letter alignment
		          is not affected by the content of the spanned lines." src="images/infinite-text.png" width="300"> </figure>
   <p>Its position is anchored with respect to the line on which it occurs.</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.8.3" id="initial-letter-inline-position"><span class="secno">5.8.3. </span><span class="content"> Inline Positioning and Kerning</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-inline-position"></a></h4>
   <p>In the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-axis" id="ref-for-inline-axis④">inline axis</a>, the position of the inline letter
	is given by matching its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-start" id="ref-for-inline-start">inline-start</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin-edge" id="ref-for-margin-edge①">margin edge</a> with the <span id="ref-for-inline-start①">inline-start</span> edge of the line box.</p>
   <p>However, if the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter③⓪">initial letter</a> is a non-atomic inline
	with an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#automatic-size" id="ref-for-automatic-size④">automatic</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-size" id="ref-for-inline-size①">inline size</a> and
	zero padding and borders,
	it is negatively offset
	by the distance from the start edge of its content box
	to the point in the content that would have been placed
	at the start edge of the containing block
	if it were not an <span id="ref-for-initial-letter③①">initial letter</span> (i.e. the distance between its glyph bounding box
	and its start side bearing).</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.9" id="initial-letter-wrapping"><span class="secno">5.9. </span><span class="content"> Initial Letter Wrapping: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters-wrap" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-wrap②">initial-letters-wrap</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-wrapping"></a></h3>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters-wrap" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-wrap③">initial-letters-wrap</a> is at risk.</p>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="<dfn id=&quot;propdef-initial-letters-wrap&quot;>initial-letters-wrap</dfn>">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-initial-letters-wrap">initial-letters-wrap</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">none <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one④⑦">|</a> first <span id="ref-for-comb-one④⑧">|</span> all <span id="ref-for-comb-one④⑨">|</span> grid <span id="ref-for-comb-one⑤⓪">|</span> <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage③">&lt;length-percentage></a> 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>none 
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>certain inline-level boxes and <span class="css">::first-letter</span> and inside <span class="css">::marker</span> boxes (<a href="#first-most-inline-level">see prose</a>) 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>yes 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>relative to <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#logical-width" id="ref-for-logical-width④">logical width</a> of (last fragment of) initial letter 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>specified keyword or computed <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage" id="ref-for-typedef-length-percentage④">&lt;length-percentage></a> value 
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar 
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>by computed value type 
   </table>
   <p>This property specifies whether lines impacted by an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter③②">initial letter</a> are shortened to fit the rectangular shape of the <span id="ref-for-initial-letter③③">initial letter</span> box
	or follow the contour of its end-edge glyph outline.</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters-wrap" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none">none</dfn> 
    <dd> No contour-fitting is performed:
			each impacted line is aligned flush to the end margin edge of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter③④">initial letter</a>. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters-wrap" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first">first</dfn> 
    <dd>
      Behaves as <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none">none</a> if the first <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#typographic-character-unit" id="ref-for-typographic-character-unit">typographic character unit</a> after the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter③⑤">initial letter</a> belongs to Unicode General Category Zs.
			Otherwise behaves as for <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-all" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-all">all</a> on the first line of the block containing the initial letter
			and as <span class="css" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none①">none</span> on the rest. 
     <div class="example" id="example-8c68c539">
      <a class="self-link" href="#example-8c68c539"></a> This example shows why contour-fitting the first line is necessary,
				and why it is dropped when the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter③⑥">initial letter</a> is followed by a space: 
      <figure>
        <img alt="optical kerning in the presence or absence of a space after the initial letter" src="images/OpticalKerning.png" width="200"> 
       <figcaption> In the top paragraph, the initial letter "A" has a word space after it:
						the gap between the top of the "A" and the next letter
						provides the necessary word separation.
						In the next paragraph, the initial letter "A"
						is part of the first word,
						and leaving a gap between the top of the "A" and the next letter
						would create a jarring visual break within the word.
						In this case, the first line of text
						should be kerned into the initial letter’s area,
						as shown in the bottom paragraph. </figcaption>
      </figure>
     </div>
     <p class="issue" id="issue-58dffa4b"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-58dffa4b"></a> Do we need an unconditional <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first">first</a>?
			(I.e. Should we rename this value to <span class="css">auto</span> and add a <span class="css" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first①">first</span> value
			that does not check for spaces?) See GitHub issue <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/410">410</a></p>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters-wrap" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-wrap-all">all</dfn>
    <dd>
      For each line of text impacted by the initial letter,
			the line box adjacent to the initial letter starts
			at the start-most point that touches the ink of the initial letter,
			plus the amount of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter③⑦">initial letter</a>’s end-side border+padding+margin. 
     <p>If the value of <span class="css">shape-outside</span> is not <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none②">none</a>, <span class="css">shape-outside</span> is used instead of the glyph outline.</p>
    <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> This value is at-risk.</p>
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters-wrap" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-wrap-grid">grid<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-grid"></a></dfn> 
    <dd>
      This value is the same as <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none③">none</a>,
			except that the exclusion area of the impacted lines
			is increased as necessary for its end-edge to land on the character grid,
			i.e. to be a multiple of (<span class="css">1ic</span> + <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-letter-spacing" id="ref-for-propdef-letter-spacing">letter-spacing</a>)
			as computed on the containing block.
			The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#propdef-justify-self" id="ref-for-propdef-justify-self①">justify-self</a> property can then be used to align
			the initial letter box within the exclusion area. 
     <figure>
       <img alt="Diagram of Japanese initial letter in vertical writing mode" src="images/CJK-Initial.001.png" width="480"> 
      <figcaption>Diagram of Japanese initial letter in vertical writing mode</figcaption>
     </figure>
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> In this example, the exclusion area for the drop initial
			is larger than its glyph in order to preserve inline-axis alignment.</p>
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> This value is also at-risk.</p>
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters-wrap" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-wrap-length"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#length-value" id="ref-for-length-value③" title="Expands to: em | vb | ch | cm | vh | vi | in | ex | vw | ic | pt | px | lh | pc | rem | rlh | vmax | advance measure | vmin | mm | cap | q">&lt;length></a><a class="self-link" href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-length"></a></dfn> 
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="initial-letters-wrap" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-initial-letters-wrap-percentage"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#percentage-value" id="ref-for-percentage-value②">&lt;percentage></a><a class="self-link" href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-percentage"></a></dfn> 
    <dd>
      This value behaves the same as <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first②">first</a> except that the adjustment to the first line is given explicitly
			instead of being inferred from the glyph shape. 
     <p class="issue" id="issue-645378a9"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-645378a9"></a> This really needs font-relative lengths to be relative to the used size.</p>
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> This value exists because it is easier to implement.
			Authors are encouraged to use the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first③">first</a> value
			and to set margins to control spacing,
			and to use this as a fallback for glyph detection if necessary.</p>
     <div class="example" id="example-3040b2e0">
      <a class="self-link" href="#example-3040b2e0"></a> In the following example, UAs that support <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first④">first</a> will use the glyph outline
				plus the specified margin in order to place the first line,
				whereas UAs that only support <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#length-value" id="ref-for-length-value④" title="Expands to: em | vb | ch | cm | vh | vi | in | ex | vw | ic | pt | px | lh | pc | rem | rlh | vmax | advance measure | vmin | mm | cap | q">&lt;length></a> or <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#percentage-value" id="ref-for-percentage-value③">&lt;percentage></a> values
				will pull in the first line by 40% of the initial letter’s width
				(and then add the margin to that point). 
<pre>h1 + p:first-letter {
  initial-letters: 3; /* 3-line drop-cap */
  initial-letters-wrap: first;
  margin-right: 0.1em;
}
@supports (not (initial-letters-wrap: first)) {
  /* Classes auto-generated on paragraphs to match first letter. */
  p.A:first-letter {
    initial-letters-wrap: -40%; /* Start of glyph outline, assuming correct font. */
  }
}
</pre>
     </div>
     <p class="issue" id="issue-e060e05e"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-e060e05e"></a> These values and related annoyance is likely unnecessary if someone submits a patch to Blink to support <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first" id="ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first⑤">first</a>.</p>
   </dl>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-c4ff3304"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-c4ff3304"></a> Edit figure to show how auto behaves in varying contexts</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-a5ca8d54">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-a5ca8d54"></a> 
<pre>p::first-letter {
  initial-letters: 3;
  initial-letters-wrap: none;
}
</pre>
    <figure>
      <img alt="regular dropcap A" src="images/A-wraparound-none.png" width="600"> 
     <figcaption>Ordinary initial letter with no wrapping.</figcaption>
    </figure>
   </div>
   <div class="example" id="example-063c4f13">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-063c4f13"></a> 
<pre>p::first-letter {
  initial-letters: 3;
  initial-letters-wrap: all;
}
</pre>
    <p><img alt="text wrapping around dropcap A" src="images/A-wraparound.png" width="600"></p>
    <p>Text follows shape of initial letter.
		Each line box should just touch the ink of the letter,
		with some offset (represented by the shaded box).</p>
   </div>
   <div class="example" id="example-82501374">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-82501374"></a> 
<pre>p::first-letter {
  initial-letters: 3;
  initial-letters-wrap: first;
}
</pre>
    <p><img alt="text wrapping around dropcap A but only on first line" src="images/A-wraparound-first.png" width="600"></p>
    <p>Only the first line is moved up against the ink of the initial letter.</p>
   </div>
   <div class="example" id="example-b6fcaccd">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-b6fcaccd"></a> 
<pre>p::first-letter {
  initial-letters: 3;
  initial-letters-wrap: all;
}
</pre>
    <p><img alt="text wrapping around dropcap V" src="images/V-wraparound.png" width="600"></p>
    <p><img alt="text wrapping around dropcap P" src="images/P-wraparound.png" width="600"></p>
    <p><img alt="text wrapping around dropcap W" src="images/W-wraparound.png" width="600"></p>
   </div>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.10" id="initial-letter-line-layout"><span class="secno">5.10. </span><span class="content"> Line Layout</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-line-layout"></a></h3>
   <p>An <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter③⑧">initial letter box</a> is considered in-flow in its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#block-formatting-context" id="ref-for-block-formatting-context">block formatting context</a>,
	and is part of the contents of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#line-box" id="ref-for-line-box⑥">line box</a> in which it originates.
	Aside from vertical alignment,
	its interaction with the rest of the contents of the line is as normal,
	except in a few specific circumstances…</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.10.1" id="initial-letter-inline-flow"><span class="secno">5.10.1. </span><span class="content"> Inline Flow Layout: Alignment and Justification</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-inline-flow"></a></h4>
   <p>For a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#raised-initial" id="ref-for-raised-initial②">raised initial</a> no special consideration is given for alignment and justification:
	it is treated similar to any other inline-level content.</p>
   <p>However, for a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#sunken-initial" id="ref-for-sunken-initial②">sunken initial</a> its inline-start edge is anchored to the inline-start edge
	of the line box (after indentation)
	and text alignment affects the remaining content of the line
	in the remaining space,
	without moving the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter③⑨">initial letter box</a> itself.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> The CSSWG was not aware of any reasonable use cases
	for mixing non-start text alignment with dropped initial letters,
	and this was the most sensible behavior proposed.
	This behavior may be reconsidered if use cases require otherwise.</p>
   <p>In addition, to ensure consistent alignment of all the impacted lines,
	any <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-letter-spacing" id="ref-for-propdef-letter-spacing①">letter-spacing</a> or <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#justification-opportunity" id="ref-for-justification-opportunity">justification opportunity</a> that would normally be introduced by
	the juxtaposition of the contents of a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#sunken-initial" id="ref-for-sunken-initial③">sunken initial</a> and the subsequent contents of the line
	is suppressed.
	(Note that this does not affect <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-word-spacing" id="ref-for-propdef-word-spacing">word-spacing</a> or
	the <span id="ref-for-justification-opportunity①">justification opportunity</span> introduced by a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#word-separator" id="ref-for-word-separator">word separator</a> because that space is provided by the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#typographic-character-unit" id="ref-for-typographic-character-unit①">typographic character unit</a> alone
	and not by its juxtaposition with an adjacent character.)</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.10.2" id="initial-letter-indentation"><span class="secno">5.10.2. </span><span class="content"> Edge Effects: Indentation and Hanging Punctuation</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-indentation"></a></h4>
   <p><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-text-indent" id="ref-for-propdef-text-indent">text-indent</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-hanging-punctuation" id="ref-for-propdef-hanging-punctuation①">hanging-punctuation</a> apply to the first line of text as normal in the presence of initial letters.
	Lines affected by the exclusion are shortened, as in the presence of floats,
	and are affected the same way.</p>
   <figure>
     <img alt="initial letter with text indent" src="images/InitialLetterWithTextIndent.png" width="300"> 
    <figcaption>Initial letter with text indent. </figcaption>
   </figure>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-c4a329e5"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-c4a329e5"></a> The interaction of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②④">initial-letters</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-hanging-punctuation" id="ref-for-propdef-hanging-punctuation②">hanging-punctuation</a> is <a href="hhttps://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/310#issuecomment-396765893">under discussion</a>.</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.10.3" id="initial-letter-ancestors"><span class="secno">5.10.3. </span><span class="content"> Ancestor Inlines</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-ancestors"></a></h4>
   <p>If the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter④⓪">initial letter box</a> is contained by <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box" id="ref-for-inline-box①⑤">inline box</a> ancestors,
	the boundaries of those <span id="ref-for-inline-box①⑥">inline boxes</span> are drawn
	to exclude the <span id="ref-for-initial-letter④①">initial letter box</span>,
	as if it were outside their startmost <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin-edge" id="ref-for-margin-edge②">margin edge</a>.
	This is a purely geometric operation:
	it does not affect e.g.
	property inheritance or
	the effective <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-letter-spacing" id="ref-for-propdef-letter-spacing②">letter-spacing</a> between the <span id="ref-for-initial-letter④②">initial letter box</span> and subsequent content.</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.10.4" id="initial-letter-multi-line"><span class="secno">5.10.4. </span><span class="content"> Multi-line Initial Letters</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-multi-line"></a></h4>
   If an initial letter is too long to fit on one line,
	it wraps (according to the usual text-wrapping rules),
	each line filled and formatted exactly as if it were the first line
	and the initial letter too long to fit any subsequent normal text.
	Any normal text after the initial letter starts on its last line,
	affected exactly as if that line were the first line.
   <p></p>
   <figure>
     <img alt="multi-line drop cap" src="images/Multi-line-initial.png" width="300"> 
    <figcaption>Drop cap extends to two lines.</figcaption>
   </figure>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.11" id="initial-letter-paragraphs"><span class="secno">5.11. </span><span class="content"> Clearing Initial Letters</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-paragraphs"></a></h3>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.11.1" id="raised-sunken-caps"><span class="secno">5.11.1. </span><span class="content"> Raised and sunken caps</span><a class="self-link" href="#raised-sunken-caps"></a></h4>
   <p>The margin box of an initial letter contributes to the size
	of its containing element.
	Initial letters that extend above the first line of text,
	known as “raised caps” or “sunken caps,”
	do not extend up into previous elements.
	Since the content box for an initial letter includes all glyph ink,
	this also means that accents or other ink
	above the cap height of an initial letter
	will not impinge on previous elements.</p>
   <figure>
     <img alt="raised cap para after normal para" src="images/initial-letter-drop-para-compare.png" width="600"> 
    <figcaption> Raised cap (<code>initial-letters: 3 1</code>) on right;
			note that the position of the “C” is the same in both cases,
			but on the right all text is moved down relative to the initial letter. </figcaption>
   </figure>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-bd8afce4"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-bd8afce4"></a> Handle glyph ink above cap height of font.
	Proposal: Make it an exclusion area for line boxes and border boxes. Include margin specified on initial-letters as part of exclusion area in order to control spacing.</p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-9ca3e502"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-9ca3e502"></a> Draw a box model diagram here. Does the margin of the initial letter collapse with its container?</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.11.2" id="short-para-initial-letter"><span class="secno">5.11.2. </span><span class="content"> Short paragraphs with initial letters</span><a class="self-link" href="#short-para-initial-letter"></a></h4>
   <p>A paragraph with an initial letter can have fewer lines of text
	than the initial letter occupies.
	In this case, the initial letter’s top alignment is still honored,
	and its exclusion area continues into any subsequent blocks.
	This forces the subsequent inline-level content to wrap around the initial letter—<wbr>exactly as if that block’s text were part of its own containing block.
	(This is similar to how floats exclude content in subsequent block boxes.)</p>
   <figure>
     <img alt="short para with initial letter" src="images/initial-letter-short-para.png" width="600"> 
    <figcaption> The red text is a short paragraph with an initial letter.
			Note the subsequent paragraph wraps around the initial letter
			just as text in the paragraph with the initial letter does. </figcaption>
   </figure>
   <p>If the subsequent block starts with an initial letter,
	establishes an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#independent-formatting-context" id="ref-for-independent-formatting-context①">independent formatting context</a>,
	or specifies <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-clear" id="ref-for-propdef-clear">clear</a> in the initial letter’s containing block’s start direction,
	then it must clear the previous block’s initial letter.</p>
   <figure>
     <img alt="short para with initial letter followed by para with initial" src="images/initial-letter-short-para-initial.png" width="600"> 
    <figcaption> The red text is a short paragraph with an initial letter.
			The subsequent paragraph clears because it also has an initial letter. </figcaption>
   </figure>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.11.3" id="initial-letter-floats"><span class="secno">5.11.3. </span><span class="content"> Interaction with floats</span><a class="self-link" href="#initial-letter-floats"></a></h4>
   <p><a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter④③">Initial letters</a> are not <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visuren.html#floats">floats</a>:
	they are <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#in-flow" id="ref-for-in-flow②">in-flow</a> <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level" id="ref-for-inline-level④">inline-level</a> content
	that belongs to a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#line-box" id="ref-for-line-box⑦">line box</a>.
	Therefore:</p>
   <ul>
    <li> The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-clear" id="ref-for-propdef-clear①">clear</a> property does not care about <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter④④">initial letters</a>:
			it neither applies to <span id="ref-for-initial-letter④⑤">initial letters</span> nor clears them when applied to nearby floats. 
    <li> Like line boxes or floats, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter④⑥">initial letter boxes</a> must not overlap the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin-box" id="ref-for-margin-box③">margin boxes</a> of any floats participating in the same <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#block-formatting-context" id="ref-for-block-formatting-context①">block formatting context</a>.
			An overlapping <span id="ref-for-initial-letter④⑦">initial letter box</span> is shifted inward or downward
			until either it fits without overlapping
			or there are no more floats present. 
    <li> If a line box’s start edge shifts or moves down to clear a float,
			an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter④⑧">initial letter</a> originating in it moves with it;
			likewise if an <span id="ref-for-initial-letter④⑨">initial letter</span> shifts inward or moves downward
			to clear a float,
			its originating line box and subsequent line boxes
			shorten and/or move accordingly. 
    <li>
      If an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-start" id="ref-for-inline-start②">inline-start</a> float
			originates in the first line of content
			adjacent to an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter⑤⓪">initial letter</a>,
			then it moves past the <span id="ref-for-initial-letter⑤①">initial letter</span> towards the containing block edge,
			exactly as if the <span id="ref-for-initial-letter⑤②">initial letter</span> were any other inline-level content. 
     <p>However, if such a float originates
			in subsequent lines of content adjacent to a (sunk) <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter⑤③">initial letter</a>,
			then that float must clear the <span id="ref-for-initial-letter⑤④">initial letter</span>.</p>
   </ul>
   <figure>
     <img alt="initial letter interacting with floats" src="images/float-interaction.png" width="480"> 
    <figcaption> In the absence of an initial letter, the first line of text could abut the blue float. 
			But the presence of the initial letter requires that the text move over. </figcaption>
   </figure>
   <p>See <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visuren.html#floats">CSS2§9.5</a> for more information about the layout of floats
	and adjacent content. <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2">[CSS2]</a></p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-a83ae7df"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-a83ae7df"></a> Whether an inline-end float originating in subsequent lines
	must clear the initial letter (as inline-start floats do)
	is <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2018Jul/0019.html">still under discussion</a>.
	There is no aesthetic reason to require it;
	however it’s yet unclear how the underlying layout model
	would distinguish between the two cases.</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.11.4" id="intial-letter-breaking"><span class="secno">5.11.4. </span><span class="content"> Interaction with Fragmentation (Pagination)</span><a class="self-link" href="#intial-letter-breaking"></a></h4>
   <p>Since a single glyph cannot be <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-3/#fragment" id="ref-for-fragment①">fragmented</a> across
	pages (or columns or other <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#fragmentation-container" id="ref-for-fragmentation-container①">fragmentation containers</a>),
	an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter⑤⑤">initial letter</a> is considered <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-3/#monolithic" id="ref-for-monolithic">monolithic</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-break-3">[css-break-3]</a> for the purpose of block-axis <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#fragmentation" id="ref-for-fragmentation">fragmentation</a> (breaking across pages, columns, regions, etc.).
	Additionally,
	breaks between the in-flow lines alongside an <span id="ref-for-initial-letter⑤⑥">initial letter box</span> are avoided,
	much as breaks between line boxes affected be <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#propdef-widows" id="ref-for-propdef-widows">widows</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-3/#propdef-orphans" id="ref-for-propdef-orphans">orphans</a> are avoided.
	However,
	if there is a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#forced-break" id="ref-for-forced-break">forced break</a> alongside the <span id="ref-for-initial-letter⑤⑦">initial letter box</span>,
	then it takes precedence;
	but has no effect on the <span id="ref-for-initial-letter⑤⑧">initial letter box</span> itself.</p>
   <p>As with other <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-3/#monolithic" id="ref-for-monolithic①">monolithic</a> objects,
	if an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#initial-letter" id="ref-for-initial-letter⑤⑨">initial letter box</a> occurs
	at the top of a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#fragmentation-container" id="ref-for-fragmentation-container②">fragmentation container</a> and that <span id="ref-for-fragmentation-container③">fragmentation container</span> is too short to contain it,
	it may be either truncated or sliced.
	Adjacent content, however, must be <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-3/#fragment" id="ref-for-fragment②">fragmented</a> according to its own rules,
	not truncated or sliced along with the <span id="ref-for-initial-letter⑥⓪">initial letter</span>.</p>
   <h2 class="no-num heading settled" id="baseline-synthesis"><span class="content"> Appendix A: Synthesizing Alignment Metrics</span><a class="self-link" href="#baseline-synthesis"></a></h2>
   <h3 class="no-num heading settled" id="baseline-synthesis-fonts"><span class="content"> A.1: Synthesizing Baselines (and Other Font Metrics) for Text</span><a class="self-link" href="#baseline-synthesis-fonts"></a></h3>
   <p>Some fonts might not contain the metrics information necessary
	to align text properly as described in this module.
	User agents may use the following strategies
	in the absence of a required metric:</p>
   <dl>
    <dt>Measure the font 
    <dd>
      Metrics may be derived from the glyph shapes.
			For example, 
     <ol>
      <li> The center of the minus sign (U+2212)
					can be taken as the mathematical baseline. 
      <li>
        The amount by which the lowercase “o”
					descends below the alphabetic baseline
					can be subtracted from its highest point
					to <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#ex">measure the x-height</a>. 
       <figure>
         <img alt="measuring the x height of the letter o" src="images/measuring-x-height-o.png" width="240"> 
        <figcaption> Measuring the x height. </figcaption>
       </figure>
      <li> The amount by which the uppercase “O”
					descends below the alphabetic baseline
					can be subtracted from its highest point
					to measure the cap-height. 
      <li> The bounding box of 永 (U+6C38) can be used to find
					the ideographic character face edges. 
      <li> The top edge of the center of the Hebrew maqaf (U+05B3 “־”)
					can be taken as the Hebrew hanging baseline. 
      <li>
        The top edge of the center of the letter Ka
					can be taken as the hanging baseline.
					Which Ka is used should depend on the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#content-language" id="ref-for-content-language">content language</a>: 
       <table class="data">
        <thead>
         <tr>
          <th>Language 
          <th>Script 
          <th>Letter 
        <tbody>
         <tr>
          <td>
          <td>Devanagari 
          <td>क U+0915 KA 
         <tr>
          <td>
          <td>Bengali 
          <td>ক U+0995 
         <tr>
          <td>
          <td>Gurmukhi 
          <td>ਕ U+0A15 
         <tr>
          <td>
          <td>Tibetan 
          <td>ཀ U+0F40 
       </table>
       <p class="issue" id="issue-2765c39b"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-2765c39b"></a> Pick a default.</p>
       <figure>
         <img alt="finding the position of the hanging baseline of the letter ka" src="images/measuring-hanging-baseline-ka.png" width="240"> 
        <figcaption> The hanging baseline is at the top edge of the character ink. </figcaption>
       </figure>
      <li>Issue: Add more notes here? 
     </ol>
     <p class="issue" id="issue-6c88f039"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-6c88f039"></a> Somebody sanity-check these heuristics please.</p>
    <dt>Use a heuristic for the script 
    <dd> Issue: What does this mean? 
    <dt>Use fallback values 
    <dd>
      The following fallback values 
     <ul>
      <li>x-height: .5em; 
      <li>cap-height: .66em; 
      <li>hanging baseline: .6em; 
      <li>Hebrew hanging baseline: ??? 
     </ul>
     <h3 class="no-num heading settled" id="baseline-synthesis-replaced"><span class="content"> A.2: Synthesizing Baselines for Replaced Content</span><a class="self-link" href="#baseline-synthesis-replaced"></a></h3>
     <p class="issue" id="issue-c53bdbf5"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-c53bdbf5"></a> Copy over text from <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-3/#replaced-baselines">CSS Writing Modes</a> and expand for additional baseline values.</p>
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> Authors can use margins (positive or negative)
	to adjust the alignment of replaced content within a line.</p>
     <div class="example" id="example-f3a3b459">
      <a class="self-link" href="#example-f3a3b459"></a> In this example, the author is using a set of images
		to display characters that don’t exist. 
<pre>img[src^="/text/"] {
  height: 1em; /* Size to match adjacent text */
  margin-bottom: -0.2em; /* Baseline at 20% above bottom */
}
...
&lt;p>This is some text with words written in an unencoded script:
&lt;img src="/text/ch3439.png" alt="...">
  &lt;img src="/text/ch3440.png" alt="...">
  &lt;img src="/text/ch3442.png" alt="...">
</pre>
     </div>
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> A future level of CSS may include a way of specifying a full baseline table for replaced elements.
	(This will probably look like a <span class="css">baseline-table</span> property
	that accepts ''[&lt;baseline-keyword> <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#percentage-value" id="ref-for-percentage-value④">&lt;percentage></a>]+''.)</p>
     <h2 class="no-num heading settled" id="changes"><span class="content"> Changes</span><a class="self-link" href="#changes"></a></h2>
     <p>Changes since the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2018/WD-css-inline-3-20180808/">8 August 2018 Working Draft</a> include:</p>
     <ul>
      <li> Added <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-line-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-line-sizing②">line-sizing</a> property to control how inter-line spacing is calculated.
			(<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/3199">Issue 3199</a>) 
     </ul>
     <p>Changes since the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-css-inline-3-20160524/">24 May 2016 Working Draft</a> include:</p>
     <ul>
      <li> Sketched out property to control the logical height of inline boxes.
			(<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/1974">Issue 1974</a>) 
      <li> Better defined handling of initial letters
			that are descendants of other inline boxes
			and clarified applicability in the presence of <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-marker" id="ref-for-selectordef-marker②">::marker</a>, bidi reordering, and other complications.
			(<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/2184">Issue 2184</a>, <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/2705">Issue 2705</a>) 
      <li> Defined interaction of initial letters and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-text-align" id="ref-for-propdef-text-align②">text-align</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-letter-spacing" id="ref-for-propdef-letter-spacing③">letter-spacing</a>, and justification.
			(<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/884">Issue 884</a>) 
      <li> Renamed <span class="css">initial-letter</span> to <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②⑤">initial-letters</a>.
			(<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/862">Issue 862</a>) 
      <li> Better defined interaction of initial letters and floats.
			(<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/360">Issue 360</a>, <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/689">Issue 689</a>) 
      <li> Improved recommended default UA style sheet rules for initial letters. 
      <li> Changed applicability of properties to initial letters
			from explicit list to reference to properties applying to inline boxes (with a few exceptions).
			(<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/2700">Issue 2700</a>) 
      <li> Defined <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#sizing-property" id="ref-for-sizing-property①">sizing properties</a> to apply to initial letters.
			(<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/863">Issue 863</a>) 
      <li> Defined <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-shapes-1/#propdef-shape-outside" id="ref-for-propdef-shape-outside">shape-outside</a> to apply to initial letters
			with <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc">initial-letter-wrap: all</a>.
			(<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/885">Issue 885</a>) 
      <li> Specified that Arabic shaping applies between an initial letter and subsequent text.
			(<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/2399">Issue 2399</a>) 
      <li> Defined interaction of initial letters and fragmentation.
			(<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/2404">Issue 2404</a>) 
      <li> Fixed math errors in definition of <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc">initial-letter-wrap: grid</a>.
			(<a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/947">Issue 947</a>) 
     </ul>
     <h2 class="no-num heading settled" id="ack"><span class="content"> Acknowledgments</span><a class="self-link" href="#ack"></a></h2>
     <p>Special thanks goes to the initial authors,
	Eric A. Meyer and Michel Suignard.</p>
     <p>In additions to the authors, this specification would not have been possible without the help from:</p>
     <p>David Baron,
	David M Brown,
	Oriol Brufau,
	John Daggett,
	Stephen Deach,
	Sylvain Galineau,
	David Hyatt,
	Myles Maxfield,
	Shinyu Murakami,
	Jan Nicklas,
	Tess O’Connor,
	Sujal Parikh,
	Florian Rivoal,
	Alan Stearns,
	Weston Thayer,
	Bobby Tung,
	Chris Wilson,
	Grzegorz Zygmunt.</p>
   </dl>
  </main>
  <h2 class="no-ref no-num heading settled" id="conformance"><span class="content"> Conformance</span><a class="self-link" href="#conformance"></a></h2>
  <h3 class="heading settled" id="document-conventions"><span class="content"> Document conventions</span><a class="self-link" href="#document-conventions"></a></h3>
  <p>Conformance requirements are expressed with a combination of
	descriptive assertions and RFC 2119 terminology. The key words “MUST”,
	“MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”,
	“RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in the normative parts of this
	document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
	However, for readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase
	letters in this specification. </p>
  <p>All of the text of this specification is normative except sections
	explicitly marked as non-normative, examples, and notes. <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-rfc2119">[RFC2119]</a> </p>
  <p>Examples in this specification are introduced with the words “for example”
	or are set apart from the normative text with <code>class="example"</code>,
	like this: </p>
  <div class="example" id="example-ae2b6bc0">
   <a class="self-link" href="#example-ae2b6bc0"></a> 
   <p>This is an example of an informative example. </p>
  </div>
  <p>Informative notes begin with the word “Note” and are set apart from the
	normative text with <code>class="note"</code>, like this: </p>
  <p class="note" role="note">Note, this is an informative note. </p>
  <p>Advisements are normative sections styled to evoke special attention and are
	set apart from other normative text with <code>&lt;strong class="advisement"></code>, like
	this: <strong class="advisement"> UAs MUST provide an accessible alternative. </strong> </p>
  <h3 class="heading settled" id="conform-classes"><span class="content"> Conformance classes</span><a class="self-link" href="#conform-classes"></a></h3>
  <p>Conformance to this specification
	is defined for three conformance classes: </p>
  <dl>
   <dt>style sheet 
   <dd>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/conform.html#style-sheet">CSS
			style sheet</a>. 
   <dt>renderer 
   <dd>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/conform.html#user-agent">UA</a> that interprets the semantics of a style sheet and renders
			documents that use them. 
   <dt>authoring tool 
   <dd>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/conform.html#user-agent">UA</a> that writes a style sheet. 
  </dl>
  <p>A style sheet is conformant to this specification
	if all of its statements that use syntax defined in this module are valid
	according to the generic CSS grammar and the individual grammars of each
	feature defined in this module. </p>
  <p>A renderer is conformant to this specification
	if, in addition to interpreting the style sheet as defined by the
	appropriate specifications, it supports all the features defined
	by this specification by parsing them correctly
	and rendering the document accordingly. However, the inability of a
	UA to correctly render a document due to limitations of the device
	does not make the UA non-conformant. (For example, a UA is not
	required to render color on a monochrome monitor.) </p>
  <p>An authoring tool is conformant to this specification
	if it writes style sheets that are syntactically correct according to the
	generic CSS grammar and the individual grammars of each feature in
	this module, and meet all other conformance requirements of style sheets
	as described in this module. </p>
  <h3 class="heading settled" id="conform-responsible"><span class="content"> Requirements for Responsible Implementation of CSS</span><a class="self-link" href="#conform-responsible"></a></h3>
  <p>The following sections define several conformance requirements
		for implementing CSS responsibly,
		in a way that promotes interoperability in the present and future. </p>
  <h4 class="heading settled" id="conform-partial"><span class="content"> Partial Implementations</span><a class="self-link" href="#conform-partial"></a></h4>
  <p>So that authors can exploit the forward-compatible parsing rules to assign fallback values, <strong>CSS renderers <em>must</em> treat as invalid
		(and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/conform.html#ignore">ignore as appropriate</a>)
		any at-rules, properties, property values, keywords, and other syntactic constructs
		for which they have no usable level of support</strong>.
		In particular, user agents <em>must not</em> selectively ignore
		unsupported property values and honor supported values in a single multi-value property declaration:
		if any value is considered invalid (as unsupported values must be),
		CSS requires that the entire declaration be ignored. </p>
  <h4 class="heading settled" id="conform-future-proofing"><span class="content"> Implementations of Unstable and Proprietary Features</span><a class="self-link" href="#conform-future-proofing"></a></h4>
  <p>To avoid clashes with future stable CSS features,
		the CSSWG recommends <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/#future-proofing">following best practices</a> for the implementation of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/#unstable">unstable</a> features and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/#proprietary-extension">proprietary extensions</a> to CSS. </p>
  <h4 class="heading settled" id="conform-testing"><span class="content"> Implementations of CR-level Features</span><a class="self-link" href="#conform-testing"></a></h4>
  <p>Once a specification reaches the Candidate Recommendation stage,
		implementers should release an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/#vendor-prefix">unprefixed</a> implementation
		of any CR-level feature they can demonstrate
		to be correctly implemented according to spec,
		and should avoid exposing a prefixed variant of that feature. </p>
  <p>To establish and maintain the interoperability of CSS across
		implementations, the CSS Working Group requests that non-experimental
		CSS renderers submit an implementation report (and, if necessary, the
		testcases used for that implementation report) to the W3C before
		releasing an unprefixed implementation of any CSS features. Testcases
		submitted to W3C are subject to review and correction by the CSS
		Working Group. </p>
  <p>
   Further information on submitting testcases and implementation reports
		can be found from on the CSS Working Group’s website at <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/">http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/</a>.
		Questions should be directed to the <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-css-testsuite">public-css-testsuite@w3.org</a> mailing list. 
<script src="https://www.w3.org/scripts/TR/2016/fixup.js"></script>
  </p>
  <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index"><span class="content">Index</span><a class="self-link" href="#index"></a></h2>
  <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index-defined-here"><span class="content">Terms defined by this specification</span><a class="self-link" href="#index-defined-here"></a></h3>
  <ul class="index">
   <li><a href="#propdef-alignment-baseline">alignment-baseline</a><span>, in §3.2.2</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-all">all</a><span>, in §5.9</span>
   <li>
    alphabetic
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-alphabetic">value for alignment-baseline</a><span>, in §3.2.2</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-alphabetic">value for dominant-baseline</a><span>, in §3.1</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-align-alphabetic">value for initial-letters-align</a><span>, in §5.4</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-leading-trim-under-alphabetic">value for leading-trim-under</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
    </ul>
   <li><a href="#atomic-initial-letter">atomic initial letter</a><span>, in §5.5</span>
   <li><a href="#atomic-initial-letter">atomic initial letter box</a><span>, in §5.5</span>
   <li>
    auto
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-auto">value for alignment-baseline</a><span>, in §3.2.1</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-auto">value for dominant-baseline</a><span>, in §3.1</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    baseline
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#baseline-shift-baseline">dfn for baseline-shift</a><span>, in §3.2.3</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-baseline">value for alignment-baseline</a><span>, in §3.2.2</span>
    </ul>
   <li><a href="#propdef-baseline-shift">baseline-shift</a><span>, in §3.2.3</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-baseline-source">baseline-source</a><span>, in §3.2.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-align-border-box">border-box</a><span>, in §5.4</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-bottom">bottom</a><span>, in §3.2.2</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-leading-trim-over-cap">cap</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-center">center</a><span>, in §3.2.2</span>
   <li>
    central
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-central">value for alignment-baseline</a><span>, in §3.2.2</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-central">value for dominant-baseline</a><span>, in §3.1</span>
    </ul>
   <li><a href="#dominant-baseline">dominant baseline</a><span>, in §3.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-dominant-baseline">dominant-baseline</a><span>, in §3.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-drop">drop</a><span>, in §5.3</span>
   <li><a href="#dropped-initial">dropped initial</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-leading-trim-over-ex">ex</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
   <li>
    first
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-first">value for alignment-baseline</a><span>, in §3.2.1</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first">value for initial-letters-wrap</a><span>, in §5.9</span>
    </ul>
   <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-grid">grid</a><span>, in §5.9</span>
   <li>
    hanging
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-hanging">value for dominant-baseline</a><span>, in §3.1</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-align-hanging">value for initial-letters-align</a><span>, in §5.4</span>
    </ul>
   <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-align-hebrew">hebrew</a><span>, in §5.4</span>
   <li>
    ideographic
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-ideographic">value for alignment-baseline</a><span>, in §3.2.2</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-ideographic">value for dominant-baseline</a><span>, in §3.1</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-align-ideographic">value for initial-letters-align</a><span>, in §5.4</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-leading-trim-over-ideographic">value for leading-trim-over, leading-trim</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-leading-trim-under-ideographic">value for leading-trim-under</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    ideographic-ink
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-leading-trim-over-ideographic-ink">value for leading-trim-over, leading-trim</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-leading-trim-under-ideographic-ink">value for leading-trim-under</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
    </ul>
   <li><a href="#initial-letter">initial letter</a><span>, in §5.3</span>
   <li><a href="#initial-letter">initial letter box</a><span>, in §5.3</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-initial-letters">initial-letters</a><span>, in §5.3</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-initial-letters-align">initial-letters-align</a><span>, in §5.4</span>
   <li><a href="#initial-letters-initial-letter-sink">initial letter sink</a><span>, in §5.3</span>
   <li><a href="#initial-letters-initial-letter-size">initial letter size</a><span>, in §5.3</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-initial-letters-wrap">initial-letters-wrap</a><span>, in §5.9</span>
   <li><a href="#inline-initial-letter">inline initial letter</a><span>, in §5.5</span>
   <li><a href="#inline-initial-letter">inline initial letter box</a><span>, in §5.5</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-inline-sizing">inline-sizing</a><span>, in §4.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-integer">&lt;integer></a><span>, in §5.3</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-last">last</a><span>, in §3.2.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-leading-trim">leading-trim</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-leading-trim-over">leading-trim-over</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-leading-trim-under">leading-trim-under</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-line-sizing-legacy">legacy</a><span>, in §3.4</span>
   <li>
    &lt;length>
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-baseline-shift-length">value for baseline-shift</a><span>, in §3.2.3</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-length">value for initial-letters-wrap</a><span>, in §5.9</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-line-height-length">value for line-height</a><span>, in §3.3.1</span>
    </ul>
   <li><a href="#line-box">line box</a><span>, in §2</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-line-height">line-height</a><span>, in §3.3.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-line-sizing">line-sizing</a><span>, in §3.4</span>
   <li>
    mathematical
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-mathematical">value for alignment-baseline</a><span>, in §3.2.2</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-mathematical">value for dominant-baseline</a><span>, in §3.1</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    middle
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-middle">value for alignment-baseline</a><span>, in §3.2.2</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-middle">value for dominant-baseline</a><span>, in §3.1</span>
    </ul>
   <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none">none</a><span>, in §5.9</span>
   <li>
    normal
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-normal">value for initial-letters</a><span>, in §5.3</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-inline-sizing-normal">value for inline-sizing</a><span>, in §4.1</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-leading-trim-over-normal">value for leading-trim-over, leading-trim</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-leading-trim-under-normal">value for leading-trim-under</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-line-height-normal">value for line-height</a><span>, in §3.3.1</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-line-sizing-normal">value for line-sizing</a><span>, in §3.4</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    &lt;number>
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-number">value for initial-letters</a><span>, in §5.3</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-line-height-number">value for line-height</a><span>, in §3.3.1</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    &lt;percentage>
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-baseline-shift-percentage">value for baseline-shift</a><span>, in §3.2.3</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-percentage">value for initial-letters-wrap</a><span>, in §5.9</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-line-height-percentage">value for line-height</a><span>, in §3.3.1</span>
    </ul>
   <li><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-raise">raise</a><span>, in §5.3</span>
   <li><a href="#raised-initial">raised initial</a><span>, in §5.1.3</span>
   <li><a href="#root-inline-box">root inline box</a><span>, in §2</span>
   <li><a href="#initial-letters-initial-letter-sink">sink</a><span>, in §5.3</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-inline-sizing-stretch">stretch</a><span>, in §4.1</span>
   <li><a href="#strut">strut</a><span>, in §3.3.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-baseline-shift-sub">sub</a><span>, in §3.2.3</span>
   <li><a href="#sunken-initial">sunken initial</a><span>, in §5.1.2</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-baseline-shift-super">super</a><span>, in §3.2.3</span>
   <li>
    text
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-leading-trim-over-text">value for leading-trim-over, leading-trim</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-leading-trim-under-text">value for leading-trim-under</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
    </ul>
   <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-text-after-edge">text-after-edge</a><span>, in §3.2.2</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-text-before-edge">text-before-edge</a><span>, in §3.2.2</span>
   <li>
    text-bottom
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-text-bottom">value for alignment-baseline</a><span>, in §3.2.2</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-text-bottom">value for dominant-baseline</a><span>, in §3.1</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    text-top
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-text-top">value for alignment-baseline</a><span>, in §3.2.2</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-text-top">value for dominant-baseline</a><span>, in §3.1</span>
    </ul>
   <li><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-top">top</a><span>, in §3.2.2</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-vertical-align">vertical-align</a><span>, in §3.2</span>
  </ul>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-align-content">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#propdef-align-content">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#propdef-align-content</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-align-content">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-align-content①">5.7.1. 
Alignment Within an Initial Letter Box</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-align-content②">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-align-self">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#propdef-align-self">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#propdef-align-self</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-align-self">3.2.2. 
Alignment Baseline Type: the alignment-baseline longhand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-alignment-baseline">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#alignment-baseline">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#alignment-baseline</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-alignment-baseline">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-alignment-baseline①">3.2.2. 
Alignment Baseline Type: the alignment-baseline longhand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-shared-alignment-context">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#shared-alignment-context">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#shared-alignment-context</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-shared-alignment-context">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-baseline-alignment">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#baseline-alignment">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#baseline-alignment</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-baseline-alignment">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-baseline-set">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#baseline-set">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#baseline-set</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-baseline-set">3.2.2. 
Alignment Baseline Type: the alignment-baseline longhand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-first-baseline-set">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#first-baseline-set">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#first-baseline-set</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-first-baseline-set">3.2.1. 
Alignment Baseline Source: the baseline-source longhand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-first-baseline-alignment">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#first-baseline-alignment">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#first-baseline-alignment</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-first-baseline-alignment">3.2.1. 
Alignment Baseline Source: the baseline-source longhand</a> <a href="#ref-for-first-baseline-alignment①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-justify-self">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#propdef-justify-self">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#propdef-justify-self</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-justify-self">3.2.2. 
Alignment Baseline Type: the alignment-baseline longhand</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-justify-self①">5.9. 
Initial Letter Wrapping: the initial-letters-wrap property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-last-baseline-set">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#last-baseline-set">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#last-baseline-set</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-last-baseline-set">3.2.1. 
Alignment Baseline Source: the baseline-source longhand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-last-baseline-alignment">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#last-baseline-alignment">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#last-baseline-alignment</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-last-baseline-alignment">3.2.1. 
Alignment Baseline Source: the baseline-source longhand</a> <a href="#ref-for-last-baseline-alignment①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-synthesize-baseline">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#synthesize-baseline">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#synthesize-baseline</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-synthesize-baseline">3.2.2. 
Alignment Baseline Type: the alignment-baseline longhand</a> <a href="#ref-for-synthesize-baseline①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-synthesize-baseline">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#synthesize-baseline">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align-3/#synthesize-baseline</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-synthesize-baseline">3.2.2. 
Alignment Baseline Type: the alignment-baseline longhand</a> <a href="#ref-for-synthesize-baseline①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-border">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#border">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#border</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-border">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-border①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-content-area">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#content-area">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#content-area</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-content-area">4.1. 
Inline Box Heights: the inline-sizing property</a> <a href="#ref-for-content-area①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-content-area②">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-content-box">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#content-box">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#content-box</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-content-box">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-content-box①">3.4. 
Line Sizing Containment: the line-sizing property</a> <a href="#ref-for-content-box②">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-margin">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-margin">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-margin①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-margin-box">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin-box">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin-box</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-margin-box">3.2.2. 
Alignment Baseline Type: the alignment-baseline longhand</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-margin-box①">3.3. 
Line Spacing: the line-height property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-margin-box②">3.4. 
Line Sizing Containment: the line-sizing property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-margin-box③">5.11.3. 
Interaction with floats</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-margin-edge">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin-edge">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#margin-edge</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-margin-edge">4.1. 
Inline Box Heights: the inline-sizing property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-margin-edge①">5.8.3. 
Inline Positioning and Kerning</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-margin-edge②">5.10.3. 
Ancestor Inlines</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-padding">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#padding">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#padding</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-padding">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-padding①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-fragment">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-3/#fragment">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-3/#fragment</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-fragment">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-fragment①">5.11.4. 
Interaction with Fragmentation (Pagination)</a> <a href="#ref-for-fragment②">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-monolithic">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-3/#monolithic">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-3/#monolithic</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-monolithic">5.11.4. 
Interaction with Fragmentation (Pagination)</a> <a href="#ref-for-monolithic①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-orphans">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-3/#propdef-orphans">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-3/#propdef-orphans</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-orphans">5.11.4. 
Interaction with Fragmentation (Pagination)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-box-fragment">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#box-fragment">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#box-fragment</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-box-fragment">3.4. 
Line Sizing Containment: the line-sizing property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-forced-break">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#forced-break">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#forced-break</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-forced-break">5.11.4. 
Interaction with Fragmentation (Pagination)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-fragmentation">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#fragmentation">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#fragmentation</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-fragmentation">5.11.4. 
Interaction with Fragmentation (Pagination)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-fragmentation-container">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#fragmentation-container">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#fragmentation-container</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-fragmentation-container">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-fragmentation-container①">5.11.4. 
Interaction with Fragmentation (Pagination)</a> <a href="#ref-for-fragmentation-container②">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-fragmentation-container③">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-widows">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#propdef-widows">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-break-4/#propdef-widows</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-widows">5.11.4. 
Interaction with Fragmentation (Pagination)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-computed-value">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#computed-value">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#computed-value</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-computed-value">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a> <a href="#ref-for-computed-value①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-computed-value②">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-computed-value③">5.6. 
Font Sizing of Initial Letters</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-longhand">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#longhand">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#longhand</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-longhand">3.5. 
Leading Control: the leading-trim-over and leading-trim-under properties and leading-trim shorthand</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-longhand①">5.5.1. 
Properties Applying to Initial Letters</a> <a href="#ref-for-longhand②">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-shorthand-property">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#shorthand-property">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#shorthand-property</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-shorthand-property">3.2. 
Transverse Box Alignment: the vertical-align property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-shorthand-property①">3.5. 
Leading Control: the leading-trim-over and leading-trim-under properties and leading-trim shorthand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-specified-value">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#specified-value">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#specified-value</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-specified-value">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-longhand">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#longhand">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#longhand</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-longhand">3.5. 
Leading Control: the leading-trim-over and leading-trim-under properties and leading-trim shorthand</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-longhand①">5.5.1. 
Properties Applying to Initial Letters</a> <a href="#ref-for-longhand②">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-used-value">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-used-value">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-used-value①">5.6. 
Font Sizing of Initial Letters</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-absolutely-positioned">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#absolutely-positioned">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#absolutely-positioned</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-absolutely-positioned">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-anonymous">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#anonymous">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#anonymous</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-anonymous">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-atomic-inline">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#atomic-inline">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#atomic-inline</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-atomic-inline">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-atomic-inline①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-atomic-inline②">3.2.2. 
Alignment Baseline Type: the alignment-baseline longhand</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-atomic-inline③">5.5. 
Initial Letter Layout</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-atomic-inline④">5.5.1. 
Properties Applying to Initial Letters</a> <a href="#ref-for-atomic-inline⑤">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-atomic-inline⑥">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valdef-display-block">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#valdef-display-block">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#valdef-display-block</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-display-block">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-block-container">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#block-container">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#block-container</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-container">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-block-container①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-block-container②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-block-container③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-block-container④">(5)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-container⑤">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-block-container">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#block-container">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#block-container</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-container">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-block-container①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-block-container②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-block-container③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-block-container④">(5)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-container⑤">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-block-formatting-context">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#block-formatting-context">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#block-formatting-context</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-formatting-context">5.10. 
Line Layout</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-formatting-context①">5.11.3. 
Interaction with floats</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-box tree">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#box tree">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#box tree</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-box%20tree">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-containing-block">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#containing-block">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#containing-block</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-containing-block">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-containing-block①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-containing-block②">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-display">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#propdef-display">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#propdef-display</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-display">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-formatting-context">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#formatting-context">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#formatting-context</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-formatting-context">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-in-flow">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#in-flow">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#in-flow</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-in-flow">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-in-flow①">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-in-flow②">5.11.3. 
Interaction with floats</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-independent-formatting-context">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#independent-formatting-context">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#independent-formatting-context</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-independent-formatting-context">5.5. 
Initial Letter Layout</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-independent-formatting-context①">5.11.2. 
Short paragraphs with initial letters</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-inline-box">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-box</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-box">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-box①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-box②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-box③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-box④">(5)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-box⑤">3.3. 
Line Spacing: the line-height property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-box⑥">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-box⑦">3.4. 
Line Sizing Containment: the line-sizing property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-box⑧">4.1. 
Inline Box Heights: the inline-sizing property</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-box⑨">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-box①⓪">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-box①①">(4)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-box①②">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-box①③">5.5. 
Initial Letter Layout</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-box①④">5.5.1. 
Properties Applying to Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-box①⑤">5.10.3. 
Ancestor Inlines</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-box①⑥">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-inline-formatting-context">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-formatting-context">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-formatting-context</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-formatting-context">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-formatting-context①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-formatting-context②">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-formatting-context③">5.5. 
Initial Letter Layout</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valdef-display-inline-block">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#valdef-display-inline-block">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#valdef-display-inline-block</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-display-inline-block">3.2.1. 
Alignment Baseline Source: the baseline-source longhand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-inline-level">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-level">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-level①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-level②">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-level③">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-level④">5.11.3. 
Interaction with floats</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-inline-level-box">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level-box">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level-box</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-level-box">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-level-box①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-level-box②">3.3. 
Line Spacing: the line-height property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-level-box③">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-level-box④">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-level-box⑤">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-level-box⑥">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-inline-level">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inline-level</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-level">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-level①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-level②">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-level③">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-level④">5.11.3. 
Interaction with floats</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-replaced-element">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#replaced-element">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#replaced-element</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-replaced-element">5.5. 
Initial Letter Layout</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-text-run">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#text-run">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#text-run</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-text-run">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-font-size">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-fonts-3/#propdef-font-size">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-fonts-3/#propdef-font-size</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-font-size">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-font-size①">5.5.1. 
Properties Applying to Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-font-size②">5.6. 
Font Sizing of Initial Letters</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valdef-list-style-position-inside">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-lists-3/#valdef-list-style-position-inside">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-lists-3/#valdef-list-style-position-inside</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-list-style-position-inside">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-column-box">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol-1/#column-box">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol-1/#column-box</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-column-box">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-multi-column-layout">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol-1/#multi-column-layout">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol-1/#multi-column-layout</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-multi-column-layout">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-float">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-floats-3/#float">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-floats-3/#float</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-float">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valdef-float-none">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-floats-3/#valdef-float-none">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-floats-3/#valdef-float-none</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-float-none">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-position">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-position-3/#propdef-position">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-position-3/#propdef-position</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-position">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valdef-position-static">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-position-3/#valdef-position-static">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-position-3/#valdef-position-static</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-position-static">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-selectordef-first-letter">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-first-letter">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-first-letter</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-selectordef-first-letter">5.2. 
Selecting Initial Letters</a> <a href="#ref-for-selectordef-first-letter①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-selectordef-first-letter②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-selectordef-first-letter③">(4)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-selectordef-first-letter④">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a> <a href="#ref-for-selectordef-first-letter⑤">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-selectordef-marker">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-marker">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-marker</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-selectordef-marker">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a> <a href="#ref-for-selectordef-marker①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-selectordef-marker②"> Changes</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-first-formatted-line">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#first-formatted-line">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#first-formatted-line</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-first-formatted-line">3.5. 
Leading Control: the leading-trim-over and leading-trim-under properties and leading-trim shorthand</a> <a href="#ref-for-first-formatted-line①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-ruby">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ruby-1/#ruby">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ruby-1/#ruby</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-ruby">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a> <a href="#ref-for-ruby①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-ruby-annotation-box">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ruby-1/#ruby-annotation-box">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ruby-1/#ruby-annotation-box</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-ruby-annotation-box">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-shape-outside">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-shapes-1/#propdef-shape-outside">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-shapes-1/#propdef-shape-outside</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-shape-outside"> Changes</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valdef-width-auto">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#valdef-width-auto">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#valdef-width-auto</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-width-auto">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-automatic-size">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#automatic-size">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#automatic-size</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-automatic-size">5.5. 
Initial Letter Layout</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-automatic-size①">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a> <a href="#ref-for-automatic-size②">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-automatic-size③">5.7.1. 
Alignment Within an Initial Letter Box</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-automatic-size④">5.8.3. 
Inline Positioning and Kerning</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-box-sizing">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#propdef-box-sizing">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#propdef-box-sizing</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-box-sizing">5.5.1. 
Properties Applying to Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-box-sizing①">5.5.2. 
Margins, Borders, and Padding</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-box-sizing②">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-definite">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#definite">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#definite</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-definite">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a> <a href="#ref-for-definite①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-definite②">5.7.1. 
Alignment Within an Initial Letter Box</a> <a href="#ref-for-definite③">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-inner-size">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#inner-size">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#inner-size</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inner-size">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-max-width">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#max-width">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#max-width</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-max-width">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-min-width">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#min-width">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#min-width</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-min-width">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-height">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#height">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#height</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-height">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-width">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#width">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#width</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-width">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-sizing-property">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#sizing-property">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#sizing-property</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-sizing-property">5.5.1. 
Properties Applying to Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-sizing-property①"> Changes</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-stretch-fit">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#stretch-fit">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#stretch-fit</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-stretch-fit">4.1. 
Inline Box Heights: the inline-sizing property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-content-language">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#content-language">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#content-language</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-content-language"> A.1: Synthesizing Baselines (and Other Font Metrics) for Text</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-forced-line-break">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#forced-line-break">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#forced-line-break</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-forced-line-break">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-hang">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#hang">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#hang</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-hang">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-hanging-punctuation">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-hanging-punctuation">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-hanging-punctuation</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-hanging-punctuation">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-hanging-punctuation①">5.10.2. 
Edge Effects: Indentation and Hanging Punctuation</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-hanging-punctuation②">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-justification-opportunity">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#justification-opportunity">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#justification-opportunity</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-justification-opportunity">5.10.1. 
Inline Flow Layout: Alignment and Justification</a> <a href="#ref-for-justification-opportunity①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-letter-spacing">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-letter-spacing">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-letter-spacing</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-letter-spacing">5.9. 
Initial Letter Wrapping: the initial-letters-wrap property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-letter-spacing①">5.10.1. 
Inline Flow Layout: Alignment and Justification</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-letter-spacing②">5.10.3. 
Ancestor Inlines</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-letter-spacing③"> Changes</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-text-align">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-text-align">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-text-align</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-text-align">5.7.1. 
Alignment Within an Initial Letter Box</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-text-align①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-text-align②"> Changes</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-text-indent">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-text-indent">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-text-indent</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-text-indent">5.10.2. 
Edge Effects: Indentation and Hanging Punctuation</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-typographic-character-unit">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#typographic-character-unit">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#typographic-character-unit</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-typographic-character-unit">5.9. 
Initial Letter Wrapping: the initial-letters-wrap property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-typographic-character-unit①">5.10.1. 
Inline Flow Layout: Alignment and Justification</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-unicode-script">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#unicode-script">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#unicode-script</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-unicode-script">5.4. 
Alignment of Initial Letters: the initial-letters-align property</a> <a href="#ref-for-unicode-script①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-unicode-script②">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-word-separator">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#word-separator">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#word-separator</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-word-separator">5.10.1. 
Inline Flow Layout: Alignment and Justification</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-word-spacing">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-word-spacing">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-word-spacing</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-word-spacing">5.10.1. 
Inline Flow Layout: Alignment and Justification</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-integer-value">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#integer-value">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#integer-value</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-integer-value">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a> <a href="#ref-for-integer-value①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-length-value">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#length-value">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#length-value</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-length-value">3.2.3. 
Alignment Shift: the baseline-shift longhand</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-length-value①">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a> <a href="#ref-for-length-value②">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-length-value③">5.9. 
Initial Letter Wrapping: the initial-letters-wrap property</a> <a href="#ref-for-length-value④">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-number-value">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#number-value">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#number-value</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-number-value">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a> <a href="#ref-for-number-value①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-number-value②">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a> <a href="#ref-for-number-value③">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-number-value④">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-percentage-value">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#percentage-value">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#percentage-value</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-percentage-value">3.2.3. 
Alignment Shift: the baseline-shift longhand</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-percentage-value①">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-percentage-value②">5.9. 
Initial Letter Wrapping: the initial-letters-wrap property</a> <a href="#ref-for-percentage-value③">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-percentage-value④"> A.2: Synthesizing Baselines for Replaced Content</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-comb-all">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-all">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-all</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-all">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-typedef-length-percentage">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#typedef-length-percentage</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-typedef-length-percentage">3.2.3. 
Alignment Shift: the baseline-shift longhand</a> <a href="#ref-for-typedef-length-percentage①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-typedef-length-percentage②">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-typedef-length-percentage③">5.9. 
Initial Letter Wrapping: the initial-letters-wrap property</a> <a href="#ref-for-typedef-length-percentage④">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-mult-opt">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#mult-opt">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#mult-opt</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-mult-opt">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-mult-opt①">5.4. 
Alignment of Initial Letters: the initial-letters-align property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-em">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#em">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#em</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-em">5.6. 
Font Sizing of Initial Letters</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-comb-one">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑤">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑥">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑦">(8)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑧">3.2.1. 
Alignment Baseline Source: the baseline-source longhand</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑨">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one①⓪">3.2.2. 
Alignment Baseline Type: the alignment-baseline longhand</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①④">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①⑤">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①⑥">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①⑦">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①⑧">(9)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①⑨">(10)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one②⓪">3.2.3. 
Alignment Shift: the baseline-shift longhand</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one②②">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②③">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one②④">3.4. 
Line Sizing Containment: the line-sizing property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one②⑤">3.5. 
Leading Control: the leading-trim-over and leading-trim-under properties and leading-trim shorthand</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②⑥">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②⑦">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②⑧">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②⑨">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③⓪">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③①">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③②">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③③">(9)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③④">(10)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③⑤">(11)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③⑥">(12)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③⑦">(13)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③⑧">(14)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one③⑨">4.1. 
Inline Box Heights: the inline-sizing property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one④⓪">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④②">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one④③">5.4. 
Alignment of Initial Letters: the initial-letters-align property</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④④">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④⑤">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④⑥">(4)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one④⑦">5.9. 
Initial Letter Wrapping: the initial-letters-wrap property</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④⑧">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④⑨">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑤⓪">(4)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-comb-any">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-any">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-any</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-any">3.2. 
Transverse Box Alignment: the vertical-align property</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-any①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-block-axis">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-axis">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-axis</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-axis">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-axis①">5.5. 
Initial Letter Layout</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-axis②">5.7.1. 
Alignment Within an Initial Letter Box</a> <a href="#ref-for-block-axis③">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-axis④">5.8.2. 
Block-axis Positioning</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-block-flow-direction">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-flow-direction">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-flow-direction</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-flow-direction">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-block-size">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-size">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-size</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-size">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a> <a href="#ref-for-block-size①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-size②">5.7.1. 
Alignment Within an Initial Letter Box</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-block-axis">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-axis">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-axis</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-axis">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-axis①">5.5. 
Initial Letter Layout</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-axis②">5.7.1. 
Alignment Within an Initial Letter Box</a> <a href="#ref-for-block-axis③">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-axis④">5.8.2. 
Block-axis Positioning</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-block-end">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-end">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-end</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-end">5.1.1. 
Drop Initial</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-block-start">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-start">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#block-start</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-block-start">5.1.1. 
Drop Initial</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-horizontal-writing-mode">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#horizontal-writing-mode">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#horizontal-writing-mode</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-horizontal-writing-mode">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-inline-axis">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-axis">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-axis</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-axis">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-axis①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-axis②">5.7.1. 
Alignment Within an Initial Letter Box</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-axis③">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-axis④">5.8.3. 
Inline Positioning and Kerning</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-inline-size">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-size">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-size</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-size">5.7.1. 
Alignment Within an Initial Letter Box</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-size①">5.8.3. 
Inline Positioning and Kerning</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-inline-axis">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-axis">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-axis</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-axis">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-axis①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-axis②">5.7.1. 
Alignment Within an Initial Letter Box</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-axis③">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-axis④">5.8.3. 
Inline Positioning and Kerning</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-inline-start">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-start">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#inline-start</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-start">5.8.3. 
Inline Positioning and Kerning</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-start①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-start②">5.11.3. 
Interaction with floats</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-line-left">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#line-left">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#line-left</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-line-left">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-line-left①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-line-over">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#line-over">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#line-over</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-line-over">3.5. 
Leading Control: the leading-trim-over and leading-trim-under properties and leading-trim shorthand</a> <a href="#ref-for-line-over①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-line-over②">5.4. 
Alignment of Initial Letters: the initial-letters-align property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-line-right">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#line-right">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#line-right</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-line-right">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-line-right①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-line-under">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#line-under">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#line-under</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-line-under">5.4. 
Alignment of Initial Letters: the initial-letters-align property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-logical-height">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#logical-height">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#logical-height</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-logical-height">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-logical-height①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-logical-height②">4.1. 
Inline Box Heights: the inline-sizing property</a> <a href="#ref-for-logical-height③">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-logical-width">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#logical-width">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#logical-width</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-logical-width">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-logical-width①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-logical-width②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-logical-width③">(4)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-logical-width④">5.9. 
Initial Letter Wrapping: the initial-letters-wrap property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valdef-text-orientation-mixed">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#valdef-text-orientation-mixed">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#valdef-text-orientation-mixed</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-text-orientation-mixed">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-over">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#over">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#over</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-over">5.4. 
Alignment of Initial Letters: the initial-letters-align property</a> <a href="#ref-for-over①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-over②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-over③">(4)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valdef-text-orientation-sideways">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#valdef-text-orientation-sideways">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#valdef-text-orientation-sideways</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-text-orientation-sideways">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valdef-text-orientation-sideways-right">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#valdef-text-orientation-sideways-right">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#valdef-text-orientation-sideways-right</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-text-orientation-sideways-right">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-text-orientation">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#propdef-text-orientation">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#propdef-text-orientation</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-text-orientation">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-text-orientation①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-under">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#under">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#under</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-under">5.4. 
Alignment of Initial Letters: the initial-letters-align property</a> <a href="#ref-for-under①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-under②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-under③">(4)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-under④">5.8.2. 
Block-axis Positioning</a> <a href="#ref-for-under⑤">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valdef-text-orientation-upright">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#valdef-text-orientation-upright">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#valdef-text-orientation-upright</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-text-orientation-upright">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-vertical-writing-mode">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#vertical-writing-mode">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#vertical-writing-mode</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-vertical-writing-mode">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a> <a href="#ref-for-vertical-writing-mode①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-vertical-writing-mode②">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-clear">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-clear">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-clear</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-clear">5.11.2. 
Short paragraphs with initial letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-clear①">5.11.3. 
Interaction with floats</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-float">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-float">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-float</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-float">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-height">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-height">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-height</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-height">4.1. 
Inline Box Heights: the inline-sizing property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index-defined-elsewhere"><span class="content">Terms defined by reference</span><a class="self-link" href="#index-defined-elsewhere"></a></h3>
  <ul class="index">
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-align-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-align-content" style="color:initial">align-content</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-align-self" style="color:initial">align-self</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-alignment-baseline" style="color:initial">alignment baseline</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-shared-alignment-context" style="color:initial">alignment context</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-baseline-alignment" style="color:initial">baseline alignment</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-baseline-set" style="color:initial">baseline set</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-first-baseline-set" style="color:initial">first baseline set</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-first-baseline-alignment" style="color:initial">first-baseline alignment</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-justify-self" style="color:initial">justify-self</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-last-baseline-set" style="color:initial">last baseline set</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-last-baseline-alignment" style="color:initial">last-baseline alignment</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-synthesize-baseline" style="color:initial">synthesize baseline</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-synthesize-baseline①" style="color:initial">synthesized baseline</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-box-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-border" style="color:initial">border</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-content-area" style="color:initial">content area</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-content-box" style="color:initial">content box</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-margin" style="color:initial">margin</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-margin-box" style="color:initial">margin box</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-margin-edge" style="color:initial">margin edge</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-padding" style="color:initial">padding</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-break-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-fragment" style="color:initial">fragment</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-monolithic" style="color:initial">monolithic</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-orphans" style="color:initial">orphans</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-break-4]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-box-fragment" style="color:initial">box fragment</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-forced-break" style="color:initial">forced break</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-fragmentation" style="color:initial">fragmentation</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-fragmentation-container" style="color:initial">fragmentation container</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-widows" style="color:initial">widows</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-cascade-4]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-computed-value" style="color:initial">computed value</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-longhand" style="color:initial">longhand</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-shorthand-property" style="color:initial">shorthand</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-specified-value" style="color:initial">specified value</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-longhand①" style="color:initial">sub-property</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-used-value" style="color:initial">used value</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-DISPLAY-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-absolutely-positioned" style="color:initial">absolutely positioned box</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-anonymous" style="color:initial">anonymous box</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-atomic-inline" style="color:initial">atomic inline</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valdef-display-block" style="color:initial">block</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-block-container" style="color:initial">block container</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-block-container①" style="color:initial">block container box</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-block-formatting-context" style="color:initial">block formatting context</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-box tree" style="color:initial">box tree</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-containing-block" style="color:initial">containing block</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-display" style="color:initial">display</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-formatting-context" style="color:initial">formatting context</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-in-flow" style="color:initial">in-flow</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-independent-formatting-context" style="color:initial">independent formatting context</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-inline-box" style="color:initial">inline box</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-inline-formatting-context" style="color:initial">inline formatting context</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valdef-display-inline-block" style="color:initial">inline-block</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-inline-level" style="color:initial">inline-level</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-inline-level-box" style="color:initial">inline-level box</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-inline-level①" style="color:initial">inline-level content</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-replaced-element" style="color:initial">replaced element</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-text-run" style="color:initial">text run</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-fonts-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-font-size" style="color:initial">font-size</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-lists-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valdef-list-style-position-inside" style="color:initial">inside</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-MULTICOL-1]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-column-box" style="color:initial">column box</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-multi-column-layout" style="color:initial">multi-column layout</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-page-floats-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-float" style="color:initial">float</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valdef-float-none" style="color:initial">none</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-position-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-position" style="color:initial">position</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valdef-position-static" style="color:initial">static</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-PSEUDO-4]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-selectordef-first-letter" style="color:initial">::first-letter</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-selectordef-marker" style="color:initial">::marker</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-first-formatted-line" style="color:initial">first formatted line</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-ruby-1]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-ruby" style="color:initial">ruby</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-ruby-annotation-box" style="color:initial">ruby annotation</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-shapes-1]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-shape-outside" style="color:initial">shape-outside</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-sizing-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valdef-width-auto" style="color:initial">auto</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-automatic-size" style="color:initial">automatic size</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-box-sizing" style="color:initial">box-sizing</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-definite" style="color:initial">definite</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-inner-size" style="color:initial">inner size</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-max-width" style="color:initial">max size</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-min-width" style="color:initial">min size</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-height" style="color:initial">preferred height</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-width" style="color:initial">preferred width</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-sizing-property" style="color:initial">sizing property</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-stretch-fit" style="color:initial">stretch fit</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-TEXT-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-content-language" style="color:initial">content language</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-forced-line-break" style="color:initial">forced line break</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-hang" style="color:initial">hang</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-hanging-punctuation" style="color:initial">hanging-punctuation</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-justification-opportunity" style="color:initial">justification opportunity</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-letter-spacing" style="color:initial">letter-spacing</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-text-align" style="color:initial">text-align</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-text-indent" style="color:initial">text-indent</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-typographic-character-unit" style="color:initial">typographic character unit</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-unicode-script" style="color:initial">unicode script</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-word-separator" style="color:initial">word separator</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-word-spacing" style="color:initial">word-spacing</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-values-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-integer-value" style="color:initial">&lt;integer></span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-length-value" style="color:initial">&lt;length></span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-number-value" style="color:initial">&lt;number></span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-percentage-value" style="color:initial">&lt;percentage></span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-values-4]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-comb-all" style="color:initial">&amp;&amp;</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-typedef-length-percentage" style="color:initial">&lt;length-percentage></span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-mult-opt" style="color:initial">?</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-em" style="color:initial">em</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-comb-one" style="color:initial">|</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-comb-any" style="color:initial">||</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-writing-modes-4]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-block-axis" style="color:initial">block axis</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-block-flow-direction" style="color:initial">block flow direction</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-block-size" style="color:initial">block size</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-block-axis①" style="color:initial">block-axis</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-block-end" style="color:initial">block-end</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-block-start" style="color:initial">block-start</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-horizontal-writing-mode" style="color:initial">horizontal writing mode</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-inline-axis" style="color:initial">inline axis</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-inline-size" style="color:initial">inline size</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-inline-axis①" style="color:initial">inline-axis</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-inline-start" style="color:initial">inline-start</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-line-left" style="color:initial">line-left</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-line-over" style="color:initial">line-over</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-line-right" style="color:initial">line-right</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-line-under" style="color:initial">line-under</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-logical-height" style="color:initial">logical height</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-logical-width" style="color:initial">logical width</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valdef-text-orientation-mixed" style="color:initial">mixed</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-over" style="color:initial">over</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valdef-text-orientation-sideways" style="color:initial">sideways</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valdef-text-orientation-sideways-right" style="color:initial">sideways-right</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-text-orientation" style="color:initial">text-orientation</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-under" style="color:initial">under</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valdef-text-orientation-upright" style="color:initial">upright</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-vertical-writing-mode" style="color:initial">vertical writing mode</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS2]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-clear" style="color:initial">clear</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-float" style="color:initial">float</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-height" style="color:initial">height</span>
    </ul>
  </ul>
  <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="references"><span class="content">References</span><a class="self-link" href="#references"></a></h2>
  <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="normative"><span class="content">Normative References</span><a class="self-link" href="#normative"></a></h3>
  <dl>
   <dt id="biblio-css-align-3">[CSS-ALIGN-3]
   <dd>Elika Etemad; Tab Atkins Jr.. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-align-3/">CSS Box Alignment Module Level 3</a>. 6 December 2018. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-align-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-align-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-box-3">[CSS-BOX-3]
   <dd>Elika Etemad. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-box-3/">CSS Box Model Module Level 3</a>. 18 December 2018. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-box-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-box-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-break-3">[CSS-BREAK-3]
   <dd>Rossen Atanassov; Elika Etemad. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-break-3/">CSS Fragmentation Module Level 3</a>. 4 December 2018. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-break-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-break-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-break-4">[CSS-BREAK-4]
   <dd>Rossen Atanassov; Elika Etemad. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-break-4/">CSS Fragmentation Module Level 4</a>. 18 December 2018. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-break-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-break-4/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-cascade-4">[CSS-CASCADE-4]
   <dd>Elika Etemad; Tab Atkins Jr.. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade-4/">CSS Cascading and Inheritance Level 4</a>. 28 August 2018. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade-4/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-display-3">[CSS-DISPLAY-3]
   <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-display-3/">CSS Display Module Level 3</a>. 28 August 2018. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-display-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-display-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-fonts-3">[CSS-FONTS-3]
   <dd>John Daggett; Myles Maxfield; Chris Lilley. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-fonts-3/">CSS Fonts Module Level 3</a>. 20 September 2018. REC. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-fonts-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-fonts-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-lists-3">[CSS-LISTS-3]
   <dd>Elika Etemad; Tab Atkins Jr.. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-lists-3/">CSS Lists Module Level 3</a>. 25 April 2019. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-lists-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-lists-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-multicol-1">[CSS-MULTICOL-1]
   <dd>Florian Rivoal; Rachel Andrew. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-multicol-1/">CSS Multi-column Layout Module Level 1</a>. 28 May 2018. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-multicol-1/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-multicol-1/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-page-floats-3">[CSS-PAGE-FLOATS-3]
   <dd>Johannes Wilm. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-page-floats-3/">CSS Page Floats</a>. 15 September 2015. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-page-floats-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-page-floats-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-pseudo-4">[CSS-PSEUDO-4]
   <dd>Daniel Glazman; Elika Etemad; Alan Stearns. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-pseudo-4/">CSS Pseudo-Elements Module Level 4</a>. 25 February 2019. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-pseudo-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-pseudo-4/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-ruby-1">[CSS-RUBY-1]
   <dd>Elika Etemad; Koji Ishii. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-ruby-1/">CSS Ruby Layout Module Level 1</a>. 5 August 2014. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-ruby-1/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-ruby-1/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-shapes-1">[CSS-SHAPES-1]
   <dd>Vincent Hardy; Rossen Atanassov; Alan Stearns. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-shapes-1/">CSS Shapes Module Level 1</a>. 20 March 2014. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-shapes-1/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-shapes-1/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-sizing-3">[CSS-SIZING-3]
   <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-sizing-3/">CSS Intrinsic &amp; Extrinsic Sizing Module Level 3</a>. 22 May 2019. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-sizing-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-sizing-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-text-3">[CSS-TEXT-3]
   <dd>Elika Etemad; Koji Ishii; Florian Rivoal. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-3/">CSS Text Module Level 3</a>. 12 December 2018. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-values-3">[CSS-VALUES-3]
   <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-3/">CSS Values and Units Module Level 3</a>. 31 January 2019. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-values-4">[CSS-VALUES-4]
   <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/">CSS Values and Units Module Level 4</a>. 31 January 2019. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-writing-modes-4">[CSS-WRITING-MODES-4]
   <dd>Elika Etemad; Koji Ishii. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-4/">CSS Writing Modes Level 4</a>. 24 May 2018. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-4/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css2">[CSS2]
   <dd>Bert Bos; et al. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/">Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification</a>. 7 June 2011. REC. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/">https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-quirks">[QUIRKS]
   <dd>Simon Pieters. <a href="https://quirks.spec.whatwg.org/">Quirks Mode Standard</a>. Living Standard. URL: <a href="https://quirks.spec.whatwg.org/">https://quirks.spec.whatwg.org/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-rfc2119">[RFC2119]
   <dd>S. Bradner. <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</a>. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119</a>
  </dl>
  <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="informative"><span class="content">Informative References</span><a class="self-link" href="#informative"></a></h3>
  <dl>
   <dt id="biblio-css-line-grid-1">[CSS-LINE-GRID-1]
   <dd>Elika Etemad; Koji Ishii; Alan Stearns. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-line-grid-1/">CSS Line Grid Module Level 1</a>. 16 September 2014. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-line-grid-1/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-line-grid-1/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-position-3">[CSS-POSITION-3]
   <dd>Rossen Atanassov; Arron Eicholz. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-position-3/">CSS Positioned Layout Module Level 3</a>. 17 May 2016. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-position-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-position-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-writing-modes-3">[CSS-WRITING-MODES-3]
   <dd>Elika Etemad; Koji Ishii. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-3/">CSS Writing Modes Level 3</a>. 24 May 2018. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-select">[SELECT]
   <dd>Tantek Çelik; et al. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-3/">Selectors Level 3</a>. 6 November 2018. REC. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-3/</a>
  </dl>
  <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="property-index"><span class="content">Property Index</span><a class="self-link" href="#property-index"></a></h2>
  <div class="big-element-wrapper">
   <table class="index">
    <thead>
     <tr>
      <th scope="col">Name
      <th scope="col">Value
      <th scope="col">Initial
      <th scope="col">Applies to
      <th scope="col">Inh.
      <th scope="col">%ages
      <th scope="col">Anim­ation type
      <th scope="col">Canonical order
      <th scope="col">Com­puted value
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-alignment-baseline" id="ref-for-propdef-alignment-baseline③">alignment-baseline</a>
      <td>baseline | text-bottom | alphabetic | ideographic | middle | central | mathematical | text-top | bottom | center | top
      <td>baseline
      <td>inline-level boxes, flex items, grid items, table cells
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-baseline-shift" id="ref-for-propdef-baseline-shift②">baseline-shift</a>
      <td>&lt;length-percentage> | sub | super
      <td>0
      <td>inline-level boxes, flex items, grid items
      <td>no
      <td>refer to the used value of line-height
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>the specified keyword and/or a computed &lt;length-percentage> value
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-baseline-source" id="ref-for-propdef-baseline-source②">baseline-source</a>
      <td>auto | first | last
      <td>auto
      <td>inline-level boxes
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-dominant-baseline" id="ref-for-propdef-dominant-baseline①">dominant-baseline</a>
      <td>auto | text-bottom | alphabetic | ideographic | middle | central | mathematical | hanging | text-top
      <td>auto
      <td>block containers, inline boxes, table rows, table columns, grid containers, and flex containers
      <td>yes
      <td>N/A
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-initial-letters" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②⑥">initial-letters</a>
      <td>normal | &lt;number> &lt;integer> | &lt;number> &amp;&amp; [ drop | raise ]?
      <td>normal
      <td>certain inline-level boxes and ::first-letter and inside ::marker boxes (see prose)
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>by computed value type
      <td>per grammar
      <td>the keyword normal or a number paired with an integer
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-initial-letters-align" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-align⑥">initial-letters-align</a>
      <td>border-box? [ alphabetic | ideographic | hebrew | hanging ] | border-box
      <td>alphabetic
      <td>certain inline-level boxes and ::first-letter and inside ::marker boxes (see prose)
      <td>yes
      <td>N/A
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>specified keyword(s)
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-initial-letters-wrap" id="ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-wrap④">initial-letters-wrap</a>
      <td>none | first | all | grid | &lt;length-percentage>
      <td>none
      <td>certain inline-level boxes and ::first-letter and inside ::marker boxes (see prose)
      <td>yes
      <td>relative to logical width of (last fragment of) initial letter
      <td>by computed value type
      <td>per grammar
      <td>specified keyword or computed &lt;length-percentage> value
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-inline-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-inline-sizing②">inline-sizing</a>
      <td>normal | stretch
      <td>normal
      <td>inline boxes
      <td>no
      <td>n/a
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-leading-trim" id="ref-for-propdef-leading-trim③">leading-trim</a>
      <td>normal | text | cap | ex | ideographic | ideographic-ink
      <td>normal
      <td>block containers
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>the specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-leading-trim-over" id="ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-over⑤">leading-trim-over</a>
      <td>normal | text | cap | ex | ideographic | ideographic-ink
      <td>normal
      <td>block containers
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>the specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-leading-trim-under" id="ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-under③">leading-trim-under</a>
      <td>normal | text | alphabetic | ideographic | ideographic-ink
      <td>normal
      <td>block containers
      <td>yes
      <td>N/A
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>the specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-line-height" id="ref-for-propdef-line-height②①">line-height</a>
      <td>normal | &lt;number> | &lt;length-percentage>
      <td>normal
      <td>inline boxes
      <td>yes
      <td>computed relative to 1em
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>the specified keyword, a number, or a computed &lt;length> value
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-line-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-line-sizing③">line-sizing</a>
      <td>legacy | normal
      <td>legacy
      <td>inline boxes
      <td>yes
      <td>N/A
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>the specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-vertical-align" id="ref-for-propdef-vertical-align⑨">vertical-align</a>
      <td>&lt;'baseline-source'> || &lt;'baseline-shift'> || &lt;'alignment-baseline'>
      <td>baseline
      <td>inline-level boxes
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>see individual properties
      <td>per grammar
      <td>see individual properties
   </table>
  </div>
  <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="issues-index"><span class="content">Issues Index</span><a class="self-link" href="#issues-index"></a></h2>
  <div style="counter-reset:issue">
   <div class="issue"> Many aspects of layout here depend on font metrics.
	While the relevant metrics exist in OpenType for Latin/Cyrillic/Greek and for CJK,
	they are missing for many other writing systems.
	For example, the visual top metric for Hebrew has no metric in the OpenType tables.
	For this module to work well for the world,
	we need fonts to provide the relevant metrics for all writing systems,
	and that means both that OpenType needs to allow such metrics
	and font designers need to provide accurate numbers.<a href="#issue-e583257c"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue">This section is being rewritten. Refer to <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#line-height">section 10.8</a> of <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css2">[CSS2]</a> for the normative CSS definition or the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-css3-linebox-20020515/">2002 Working Draft</a> if you want pretty pictures. (But ignore the old text, half of it’s wrong. We’re not specifying which half, that’s to be determined.) <strong>The CSS2 specification should be used as the guideline for implementation.</strong><a href="#issue-e5ecd40f"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> The CSSWG would like to know which baseline values are necessary: if any can be dropped, or any need to be added. See GitHub issue <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/859">859</a>.<a href="#issue-f7c42ceb"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Should be text-over and text-under instead of text-top and text-bottom,
	but maybe it’s better not to use those terms for consistency with legacy <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-vertical-align">vertical-align</a>.
	See GitHub issue <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/860">860</a>.<a href="#issue-12e9b141"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Add <span class="css">first</span> and <span class="css">last</span> values.
	Note, in this property, these are combinatorial,
	whereas in the <span class="css">align/justify-self/content</span> properties, it’s singular.
	Do we want to align the syntaxes wrt hyphens vs. spaces or what?
	See GitHub issue <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/861">861</a>.<a href="#issue-5e56cd2a"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> This is a rough draft, not ready for implementation. Also might rename stuff.<a href="#issue-813bbab7"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Clean up this prose to correctly handle alignment contexts other than inline formatting contexts.<a href="#issue-262a8213"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> We would prefer to remove the <span class="css">baseline</span> value, and are looking for feedback from SVG user agents as to whether it’s necessary.<a href="#issue-6cbc9542"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> The fact that percentages compute to lengths is annoying.
	See also href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/3118">Issue 3118
	and <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/2165">Issue 2165</a>.<a href="#issue-252392dc"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> This is a rought draft of a proposal, and has not yet been approved by the CSSWG.
	See discussion in <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/3199">Issue 3199</a>, <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2011Mar/0364.html">Hyatt’s message</a>, and <a href="https://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/csswg/css3-linebox/Attic/Overview.html?rev=1.5;content-type=text%2Fhtml#LineStacking">dbaron’s proposal</a>.<a href="#issue-0f88b27c"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Should this property apply to block containers or to inline boxes?
	In the latter case, an individual inline could say "pay attention to me"
	or "don’t pay attention to me".<a href="#issue-d0fc4650"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> This is a rought draft of a proposal,
	and is likely to change significantly
	as design critiques and use cases are registered.
	Values and property names may be added, dropped, and/or renamed,
	and the overall syntax or behavior may change.
	Do not implement (yet).
	The CSSWG particularly invites feedback on
	which font metrics need corresponding keyword values.<a href="#issue-be342bdd"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> We might want to use this opportunity to more precisely define <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-inline-sizing-normal">normal</a>,
	rename it to match,
	and possibly introduce any other values that may seem necessary.<a href="#issue-9042a73c"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue">The editors would appreciate any examples of drop initials in non-western scripts, especially Arabic and Indic scripts.<a href="#issue-f90429eb"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Should there be a way to opt out of this behavior? See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/310">Github Issue 310</a>.<a href="#issue-011bd248"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Renaming this property (and the others in this section)
	is currently <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/2950">under discussion</a>.<a href="#issue-663d7ced"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Is there a proper typographic term for the hebrew “hanging” baseline?<a href="#issue-a19d27ee"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> What is the proper alignment for South Asian scripts
	that do not have the explicit hanging baseline, such as Tamil or Telugu?
	See GitHub issue <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/864">864</a><a href="#issue-88e9e0c2"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> This only covers the most common cross-linguistic transcription systems.
	Should we include any other / all script tags in the UA style sheet?<a href="#issue-fbd38850"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Reword that to handle <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#propdef-box-sizing">box-sizing</a> correctly.<a href="#issue-9221e99f"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> What about inheritance to descendants?<a href="#issue-c519e9ec"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Update this calculation to be a) generic across writing systems / alignment points and b) handle non-integer sizes.<a href="#issue-20a01c1f"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Are there other things we need to consider here?<a href="#issue-bef56215"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Should the hanging punctuation be included in the box instead
	(so that the box is drawn around the punctuation when it is made visible through borders/background),
	but rather only excluded when positioning the box
	(so that the initial letter remains flush,
	with the hanging punctuation properly hanging)?
	See <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/310">discussion</a>.<a href="#issue-8de59d00"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Do we need an unconditional <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first">first</a>?
			(I.e. Should we rename this value to <span class="css">auto</span> and add a <span class="css">first</span> value
			that does not check for spaces?) See GitHub issue <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/410">410</a><a href="#issue-58dffa4b"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> This really needs font-relative lengths to be relative to the used size.<a href="#issue-645378a9"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> These values and related annoyance is likely unnecessary if someone submits a patch to Blink to support <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first">first</a>.<a href="#issue-e060e05e"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Edit figure to show how auto behaves in varying contexts<a href="#issue-c4ff3304"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> The interaction of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-initial-letters">initial-letters</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-text-3/#propdef-hanging-punctuation">hanging-punctuation</a> is <a href="hhttps://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/310#issuecomment-396765893">under discussion</a>.<a href="#issue-c4a329e5"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Handle glyph ink above cap height of font.
	Proposal: Make it an exclusion area for line boxes and border boxes. Include margin specified on initial-letters as part of exclusion area in order to control spacing.<a href="#issue-bd8afce4"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Draw a box model diagram here. Does the margin of the initial letter collapse with its container?<a href="#issue-9ca3e502"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Whether an inline-end float originating in subsequent lines
	must clear the initial letter (as inline-start floats do)
	is <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2018Jul/0019.html">still under discussion</a>.
	There is no aesthetic reason to require it;
	however it’s yet unclear how the underlying layout model
	would distinguish between the two cases.<a href="#issue-a83ae7df"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Pick a default.<a href="#issue-2765c39b"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Somebody sanity-check these heuristics please.<a href="#issue-6c88f039"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Copy over text from <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-3/#replaced-baselines">CSS Writing Modes</a> and expand for additional baseline values.<a href="#issue-c53bdbf5"> ↵ </a></div>
  </div>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="root-inline-box">
   <b><a href="#root-inline-box">#root-inline-box</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-root-inline-box">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-root-inline-box①">3.4. 
Line Sizing Containment: the line-sizing property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-root-inline-box②">5.8.2. 
Block-axis Positioning</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="line-box">
   <b><a href="#line-box">#line-box</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-line-box">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a> <a href="#ref-for-line-box①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-line-box②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-line-box③">(4)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-line-box④">3.3. 
Line Spacing: the line-height property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-line-box⑤">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-line-box⑥">5.10. 
Line Layout</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-line-box⑦">5.11.3. 
Interaction with floats</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-dominant-baseline">
   <b><a href="#propdef-dominant-baseline">#propdef-dominant-baseline</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-dominant-baseline">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="dominant-baseline">
   <b><a href="#dominant-baseline">#dominant-baseline</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-dominant-baseline">3.2.2. 
Alignment Baseline Type: the alignment-baseline longhand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-dominant-baseline-alphabetic">
   <b><a href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-alphabetic">#valdef-dominant-baseline-alphabetic</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-dominant-baseline-alphabetic">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-dominant-baseline-central">
   <b><a href="#valdef-dominant-baseline-central">#valdef-dominant-baseline-central</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-dominant-baseline-central">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-dominant-baseline-central①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-vertical-align">
   <b><a href="#propdef-vertical-align">#propdef-vertical-align</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-vertical-align">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-vertical-align①">3.1. 
Dominant Baselines: the dominant-baseline property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-vertical-align②">3.2. 
Transverse Box Alignment: the vertical-align property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-vertical-align③">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-vertical-align④">3.2.2. 
Alignment Baseline Type: the alignment-baseline longhand</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-vertical-align⑤">3.2.3. 
Alignment Shift: the baseline-shift longhand</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-vertical-align⑥">3.3. 
Line Spacing: the line-height property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-vertical-align⑦">5.5.1. 
Properties Applying to Initial Letters</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-vertical-align⑧">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-baseline-source">
   <b><a href="#propdef-baseline-source">#propdef-baseline-source</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-baseline-source">3.2. 
Transverse Box Alignment: the vertical-align property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-baseline-source①">3.2.1. 
Alignment Baseline Source: the baseline-source longhand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-alignment-baseline">
   <b><a href="#propdef-alignment-baseline">#propdef-alignment-baseline</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-alignment-baseline">3.2. 
Transverse Box Alignment: the vertical-align property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-alignment-baseline①">3.2.2. 
Alignment Baseline Type: the alignment-baseline longhand</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-alignment-baseline②">3.2.3. 
Alignment Shift: the baseline-shift longhand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-alignment-baseline-text-bottom">
   <b><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-text-bottom">#valdef-alignment-baseline-text-bottom</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-alignment-baseline-text-bottom">3.2.2. 
Alignment Baseline Type: the alignment-baseline longhand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-alignment-baseline-text-top">
   <b><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-text-top">#valdef-alignment-baseline-text-top</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-alignment-baseline-text-top">3.2.2. 
Alignment Baseline Type: the alignment-baseline longhand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-alignment-baseline-top">
   <b><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-top">#valdef-alignment-baseline-top</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-alignment-baseline-top">3.2.3. 
Alignment Shift: the baseline-shift longhand</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-alignment-baseline-top①">3.3. 
Line Spacing: the line-height property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-alignment-baseline-bottom">
   <b><a href="#valdef-alignment-baseline-bottom">#valdef-alignment-baseline-bottom</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-alignment-baseline-bottom">3.2.3. 
Alignment Shift: the baseline-shift longhand</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-alignment-baseline-bottom①">3.3. 
Line Spacing: the line-height property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-baseline-shift">
   <b><a href="#propdef-baseline-shift">#propdef-baseline-shift</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-baseline-shift">3.2. 
Transverse Box Alignment: the vertical-align property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-baseline-shift①">3.2.3. 
Alignment Shift: the baseline-shift longhand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-line-height">
   <b><a href="#propdef-line-height">#propdef-line-height</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height">3.2.3. 
Alignment Shift: the baseline-shift longhand</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height②">3.3. 
Line Spacing: the line-height property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height③">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height④">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height⑤">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height⑥">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height⑦">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height⑧">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height⑨">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height①⓪">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height①①">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height①②">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height①③">(9)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height①④">(10)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height①⑤">3.4. 
Line Sizing Containment: the line-sizing property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height①⑥">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height①⑦">4.1. 
Inline Box Heights: the inline-sizing property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height①⑧">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height①⑨">5.5.1. 
Properties Applying to Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-height②⓪">5.6. 
Font Sizing of Initial Letters</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="strut">
   <b><a href="#strut">#strut</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-strut">3.3. 
Line Spacing: the line-height property</a> <a href="#ref-for-strut①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-strut②">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-line-height-normal">
   <b><a href="#valdef-line-height-normal">#valdef-line-height-normal</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-line-height-normal">3.3.1. Leading and half-leading</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-line-height-normal①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-line-height-normal②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-line-height-normal③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-line-height-normal④">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-line-height-normal⑤">(6)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-line-sizing">
   <b><a href="#propdef-line-sizing">#propdef-line-sizing</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-sizing">3.4. 
Line Sizing Containment: the line-sizing property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-sizing①">5.5.1. 
Properties Applying to Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-line-sizing②"> Changes</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-leading-trim-over">
   <b><a href="#propdef-leading-trim-over">#propdef-leading-trim-over</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-over">3.5. 
Leading Control: the leading-trim-over and leading-trim-under properties and leading-trim shorthand</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-over①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-over②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-over③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-over④">(5)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-leading-trim-over-cap">
   <b><a href="#valdef-leading-trim-over-cap">#valdef-leading-trim-over-cap</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-leading-trim-over-cap">3.5. 
Leading Control: the leading-trim-over and leading-trim-under properties and leading-trim shorthand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-leading-trim-over-ex">
   <b><a href="#valdef-leading-trim-over-ex">#valdef-leading-trim-over-ex</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-leading-trim-over-ex">3.5. 
Leading Control: the leading-trim-over and leading-trim-under properties and leading-trim shorthand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-leading-trim-under">
   <b><a href="#propdef-leading-trim-under">#propdef-leading-trim-under</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-under">3.5. 
Leading Control: the leading-trim-over and leading-trim-under properties and leading-trim shorthand</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-under①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-leading-trim-under②">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-leading-trim-under-alphabetic">
   <b><a href="#valdef-leading-trim-under-alphabetic">#valdef-leading-trim-under-alphabetic</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-leading-trim-under-alphabetic">3.5. 
Leading Control: the leading-trim-over and leading-trim-under properties and leading-trim shorthand</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-leading-trim">
   <b><a href="#propdef-leading-trim">#propdef-leading-trim</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-leading-trim">3.5. 
Leading Control: the leading-trim-over and leading-trim-under properties and leading-trim shorthand</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-leading-trim①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-leading-trim②">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-inline-sizing">
   <b><a href="#propdef-inline-sizing">#propdef-inline-sizing</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-inline-sizing">4.1. 
Inline Box Heights: the inline-sizing property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-inline-sizing①">5.5.1. 
Properties Applying to Initial Letters</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-inline-sizing-normal">
   <b><a href="#valdef-inline-sizing-normal">#valdef-inline-sizing-normal</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-inline-sizing-normal">4.1. 
Inline Box Heights: the inline-sizing property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="dropped-initial">
   <b><a href="#dropped-initial">#dropped-initial</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-dropped-initial">5.1.1. 
Drop Initial</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-dropped-initial①">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="sunken-initial">
   <b><a href="#sunken-initial">#sunken-initial</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-sunken-initial">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a> <a href="#ref-for-sunken-initial①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-sunken-initial②">5.10.1. 
Inline Flow Layout: Alignment and Justification</a> <a href="#ref-for-sunken-initial③">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="raised-initial">
   <b><a href="#raised-initial">#raised-initial</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-raised-initial">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a> <a href="#ref-for-raised-initial①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-raised-initial②">5.10.1. 
Inline Flow Layout: Alignment and Justification</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-initial-letters">
   <b><a href="#propdef-initial-letters">#propdef-initial-letters</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters">5.2. 
Selecting Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters③">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters④">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters⑤">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters⑥">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters⑦">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters⑧">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters⑨">(9)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①⓪">(10)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①①">(11)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①②">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①③">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①④">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①⑤">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①⑥">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①⑦">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①⑧">(7)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters①⑨">5.6. 
Font Sizing of Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②⓪">5.6.1. 
Shaping and Glyph Selection</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②②">5.8.2. 
Block-axis Positioning</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②③">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②④">5.10.2. 
Edge Effects: Indentation and Hanging Punctuation</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters②⑤"> Changes</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-initial-letters-normal">
   <b><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-normal">#valdef-initial-letters-normal</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-normal">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-normal①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-normal②">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-normal③">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-normal④">5.6.1. 
Shaping and Glyph Selection</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="initial-letters-initial-letter-size">
   <b><a href="#initial-letters-initial-letter-size">#initial-letters-initial-letter-size</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-size">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-size①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-size②">5.6. 
Font Sizing of Initial Letters</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="initial-letters-initial-letter-sink">
   <b><a href="#initial-letters-initial-letter-sink">#initial-letters-initial-letter-sink</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-sink">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-sink①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-sink②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-sink③">(4)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-sink④">5.8.1. 
Space Below Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letters-initial-letter-sink⑤">5.8.2. 
Block-axis Positioning</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-initial-letters-drop">
   <b><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-drop">#valdef-initial-letters-drop</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-drop">5.3. 
Creating Initial Letters: the initial-letters property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="initial-letter">
   <b><a href="#initial-letter">#initial-letter</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter">2. 
Inline Layout Box Model</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter①">5.1.1. 
Drop Initial</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter②">5.2. 
Selecting Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter③">5.3.1. 
Applicability</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter④">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑤">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑥">(4)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑦">5.4. 
Alignment of Initial Letters: the initial-letters-align property</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑧">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑨">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter①⓪">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter①①">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter①②">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter①③">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter①④">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter①⑤">(9)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter①⑥">(10)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter①⑦">(11)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter①⑧">(12)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter①⑨">(13)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter②⓪">5.5. 
Initial Letter Layout</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter②①">5.5.1. 
Properties Applying to Initial Letters</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter②②">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter②③">5.6. 
Font Sizing of Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter②④">5.6.1. 
Shaping and Glyph Selection</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter②⑤">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter②⑥">5.7.1. 
Alignment Within an Initial Letter Box</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter②⑦">5.8.1. 
Space Below Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter②⑧">5.8.2. 
Block-axis Positioning</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter②⑨">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter③⓪">5.8.3. 
Inline Positioning and Kerning</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter③①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter③②">5.9. 
Initial Letter Wrapping: the initial-letters-wrap property</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter③③">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter③④">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter③⑤">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter③⑥">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter③⑦">(6)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter③⑧">5.10. 
Line Layout</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter③⑨">5.10.1. 
Inline Flow Layout: Alignment and Justification</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter④⓪">5.10.3. 
Ancestor Inlines</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter④①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter④②">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter④③">5.11.3. 
Interaction with floats</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter④④">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter④⑤">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter④⑥">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter④⑦">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter④⑧">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter④⑨">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑤⓪">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑤①">(9)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑤②">(10)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑤③">(11)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑤④">(12)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑤⑤">5.11.4. 
Interaction with Fragmentation (Pagination)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑤⑥">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑤⑦">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑤⑧">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑤⑨">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-initial-letter⑥⓪">(6)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-initial-letters-align">
   <b><a href="#propdef-initial-letters-align">#propdef-initial-letters-align</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-align">5.4. 
Alignment of Initial Letters: the initial-letters-align property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-align①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-align②">5.4.1. 
UA Default Stylesheet for initial-letters-align</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-align③">5.5.2. 
Margins, Borders, and Padding</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-align④">5.6. 
Font Sizing of Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-align⑤">5.8.2. 
Block-axis Positioning</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-initial-letters-align-border-box">
   <b><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-align-border-box">#valdef-initial-letters-align-border-box</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-align-border-box">5.4. 
Alignment of Initial Letters: the initial-letters-align property</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-align-border-box①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-align-border-box②">5.5.2. 
Margins, Borders, and Padding</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="inline-initial-letter">
   <b><a href="#inline-initial-letter">#inline-initial-letter</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-initial-letter">5.5.1. 
Properties Applying to Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-initial-letter①">5.6. 
Font Sizing of Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-initial-letter②">5.6.1. 
Shaping and Glyph Selection</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-initial-letter③">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a> <a href="#ref-for-inline-initial-letter④">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inline-initial-letter⑤">5.7.1. 
Alignment Within an Initial Letter Box</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="atomic-initial-letter">
   <b><a href="#atomic-initial-letter">#atomic-initial-letter</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-atomic-initial-letter">5.6. 
Font Sizing of Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-atomic-initial-letter①">5.7. 
Sizing the Initial Letter Box</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-initial-letters-wrap">
   <b><a href="#propdef-initial-letters-wrap">#propdef-initial-letters-wrap</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-wrap①">5.8.1. 
Space Below Initial Letters</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-wrap②">5.9. 
Initial Letter Wrapping: the initial-letters-wrap property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-initial-letters-wrap③">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none">
   <b><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none">#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none">5.9. 
Initial Letter Wrapping: the initial-letters-wrap property</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-none③">(4)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first">
   <b><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first">#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first">5.9. 
Initial Letter Wrapping: the initial-letters-wrap property</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first④">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-first⑤">(6)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-initial-letters-wrap-all">
   <b><a href="#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-all">#valdef-initial-letters-wrap-all</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-initial-letters-wrap-all">5.9. 
Initial Letter Wrapping: the initial-letters-wrap property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
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